Which term refers to a biological catalyst composed of proteins that speed up chemical reactions?

What is the name of the region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind?

Which term denotes the specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon?

Which of the following best defines a biological catalyst?

What term describes the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction?

Which process involves the disruption of an enzyme's three-dimensional structure, resulting in loss of function?

At which point does an enzyme exhibit its maximum activity in terms of acidity or alkalinity?

The temperature at which an enzyme functions most efficiently is called the _____.

Which term refers to the process where an enzyme's structure is temporarily altered but can regain activity when conditions return to normal?

A molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding, is known as a _____.

Which type of enzyme inhibitor binds to an allosteric site and decreases enzyme activity without competing with the substrate?

What is the name of the site on an enzyme where regulatory molecules can bind and alter enzyme activity?

Which series of protein complexes transfers electrons and pumps protons across a membrane during respiration?

What term describes the combined effect of the concentration gradient and electrical potential across a membrane?

The difference in proton concentration across a membrane is known as a _____.

Which enzyme uses the flow of protons to synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

What is the process called in which proton flow down its gradient drives ATP production?

The coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis in mitochondria is known as _____.

The production of ATP using light energy in chloroplasts is called _____.

Which metabolic pathway breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytosol?

What is the three-carbon compound produced at the end of glycolysis?

Which cyclic series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions occurs in mitochondria to produce CO₂, NADH, FADH₂, and ATP?

Which molecule carries electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain?

Which electron carrier donates electrons to the electron transport chain after NADH?

In aerobic respiration, oxygen serves as the _____ in the electron transport chain.

What is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy stored in sugars?

Which stage of photosynthesis captures solar energy to produce ATP and NADPH?

Which coenzyme carries high-energy electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle?

Which pigment molecule absorbs light energy in photosystems?

Which photosystem is responsible for boosting electrons to a higher energy level during the second stage of the light reactions?

Which photosystem splits water molecules to generate electrons, protons, and oxygen?

Which cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into organic molecules?

Which group of prokaryotes first evolved oxygenic photosynthesis?

The type of photosynthesis that first appeared in ancient bacteria is called _____.

Which photosynthetic process occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells?

Which law explains why energy transformations in living systems result in increased entropy?

What term describes linking an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction?

Which phrase best describes a series of reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of the next?

Increasing which factor generally increases the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction until saturation?

What term describes ATP production in the absence of oxygen by regenerating NAD⁺?

Which compound is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

Yeast produce ethanol and CO₂ through which metabolic process?

During ATP synthesis, what does ADP combine with to form ATP?

Which molecule is converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group?

Which molecule is considered the primary energy currency of the cell?

Which term refers to the rate at which an enzyme converts substrates into products?