a subunit of a macromolecule; one piece

a molecule made of many pieces, ex. carbohydrate or protein

Anything from the periodic table that makes up molecules; for example: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

in biology, this is the strongest kind of bond

bonds between charged atoms/molecules, NOT strong in biology because these separate in water

a broad category of molecules that contain mostly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. Holds together the two halves of a DNA molecule

elements/atoms found in carbohydrates and lipids

elements/atoms found in proteins

elements/atoms found in nucleic acids

large organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (in that order)

macromolecule containing CHO, used for quick energy and structure (cell walls); made up of monosaccharides

hydrophobic macromolecule (fats and oils), made of CHO, used for long term energy storage and insulation, usually made of glycerol/fatty acids

macromolecule that is a polymer of amino acids, has many different diverse functions, contains CHON (ex. enzymes)

macromolecule made of CHONP; ex. DNA and RNA, used as genetic information and message carriers from the nucleus to the rest of the cell

subunit/monomer of a carbohydrate (aka simple sugar)

subunit/monomer of a carbohydrate (aka monosaccharide)

suffix in a molecule's name that indicates that molecule is a carbohydrate

subunit/monomer of a lipid, pairs with one glycerol

subunit/monomer of a lipid, pairs with three fatty acids

a "subunit" of a lipid that is made of one glycerol molecule with THREE fatty acids

completely hydrophobic molecules; examples of lipids

a lipid that has a hydrophilic phosphate "head" and two hydrophilic fatty acid "tails" - makes up cell membranes

subunit/monomer of a protein

subunit/monomer of a nucleic acid

a nucleotide is made of a _____, sugar, and nitrogen base

a nucleotide is made of a phosphate, _____, and nitrogen base

a nucleotide is made of a phosphate, sugar, and _______

examples of nucleic acids

deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the genetic information that determines inherited characteristics

ribonucleic acid; acts as the messenger of genetic information (carries the info out of the nucleus)

detects the presence of simple sugars; turns from blue to yellow/orange when heated if sugars are present

solution that turns lavendar to violet (purple) in the presence of proteins

Used to test for presence of starch, turns dark blue or black when positive for starch

protein catalyst that speeds up reactions

anything that speeds up a chemical reaction (enzymes are an example of this)

energy needed to start a reaction; lowered by enzymes

molecule that an enzyme acts on; fits into the active site

place on an enzyme where the substrate binds; must be a specific shape to work

when an enzyme changes shape and stops working because of high temperature or the wrong pH

suffix used in naming enzymes

A system that minimizes pH changes on addition of small amounts of an acid or a base (for example, it keeps your blood pH stable!)