To confirm or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.

To create or establish something into law, typically through a formal process in a legislative body.

The act of breaking or breaching a law, rule, or agreement.

A legal right to control the use and distribution of a creative work, ensuring that others cannot use it without permission.

A person who writes books, articles, or other texts, especially as a profession.

To give someone the right or ability to do something, often formally or officially.

Relating to the intellect or intellectual pursuits, especially in terms of knowledge and thought.

In accordance with established rules, standards, or laws; not contrary to legal principles.

To express or cite someone else's words or ideas, typically attributing them to the original source.