Part of the economy that deals with the extraction of natural resources such as agriculture, mining, or forestry

Part of the economy that deals with the manufacturing of natural resources into finished products for sale

Part of the economy that deals with providing services to people such as restaurant, retail, or professional services such as education or sciences. Can be further split into quaternary-professional positions and quinary-the highest professional positions such as CEOs of companies or the President in government

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for subsistence or economic gain.

Provided people with a steady supply of fertilizers and animal byproducts when it began 5000 years ago.

Societies whose economy is based on agriculture and therefore promote agricultural interests. These are rural areas.

Causes one area to be better at producing a certain product due to proximity or natural environment (agricultural or otherwise), increasing revenue

Rural communities where homes and/or businesses are close together in the middle or circular pattern with farmland around or inside the buildings

Allowed for future generations to grow larger because they no longer were just a hunter gathering but farming and creating permanent settlements.

Agriculture became more mechanized with the use of things like tractors, which increased production and allowed people to switch from farming to industrial jobs

The cultural and biological exchange between the New and Old Worlds

Farming undertaken primarily to produce enough food for the family's own consumption with little left over for sale

Farming undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

The movement from production by human/animal labor to machine power

Commercial agriculture characterized by integrating different steps in the food-processing industry controlling seeds, pesticides, farms, processors, and distributors of their crops.

A series of links that connect various producers with distributors, the movement is towards a global link

Refers to how the cost of production goes down as companies move towards mass production of products

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed so society can operate easily (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies)

Idea that certain crops gain value by turning them into other products such as cocoa into chocolate or wheat into flour

requires large amounts of land but little production per area of land

large amount of production occurs per piece of land

Use many fields for crop growing each field is used for a couple years then left fallow for a relatively long time. Found predominantly in rain forest regions, maintaining their sustainability.

Rural communities where people live on individual plots of land that are isolated from their neighbors

Rural community where the buildings are all along a transportation route such as a road, railway, or river with fields extending behind the houses in a row.

Subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. Often found in dry regions where farming would be difficult.

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, over grazing of animals, or over cultivation of land

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. Popular in the highly populated areas of East, South, and Southeast Asia

type of farming on hillsides that creates "steps" of crops, usually done with rice farming

Large farms in LDCs that specialize in one or two cash crops. They are usually owned by MDC companies that take advantage of long growing seasons in the tropics/subtropics and low wages.

Often creates economic reliance because countries are dependent on the one crop produced

Idea that agricultural and industrial products are often produced by regional command companies controlling small local producers in LDCs who then sell their products to large transnational corporations worldwide

Intensively and commercially farming both crops and animals in the same area found in the middle regions of the United Sates and Europe

The commercial raising of animals for the creation of milk and milk byproducts

The ring of dairy farms often found around the large population clusters of a country in order to avoid spoilage during transportation to these markets

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas (urban areas are getting bigger and bigger taking over prime agricultural land)

Extensively and commercially growing crops such as wheat, barley, or oats for human consumption.

commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area of land.

a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market, intensifying the production of livestock grazing

Commercially growing fruits and/or vegetables that grow well in climates with sea winds that bring in moisture and moderate winters such as grapes or olives in Greece, California, or Chile

commercially growing fruits, vegetables, or flowers

Large scale growing of fruits and vegetables to be sold in supermarkets, named due to the long distance they travel before reaching their destination

The small scale production of a variety of fruits, vegetables, and flowers where a large portion are sold directly to consumers at local markets or road side stands.

Trees, rocks, rivers and other natural boundaries are used to map out property lines

Created the shapes of states in the western United States as people were given parcels of land based on the map's grid system-created dispersed rural settlements in this part of the USA

Created in the 19th century, describes commercial agricultural location by explaining commercial farmers choose where and what to grow based on two factors: cost of land and cost of transportation, meaning perishable types of agriculture and intensive agriculture will be closer to the market to minimize cost of transportation and extensive hardy types of agriculture will be farther from the market to minimize the cost of land.

Practice where governments section off areas of land for specific land uses such as residential, commercial, agricultural, etc.

a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so the price of their product remains competitive

Ensures that each parcel of land has access to a river/transportation route with a strip of fertile farmland-created linear rural settlements

The cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food. Places such as New England of the US are experiencing problems with over harvesting as this is becoming a larger industry.

increasing salt content into soils, decreasing fertility, as a result of invading ocean waters-occurs often in flooded rice fields of coastal towns

Began in the 1960s with the release of new high yield seeds called miracle wheat and rice and furthering with the rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, leading to a high increase in agricultural productivity in many LDCs.

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

a person or a large portion of a country's population does not know where their next meal will come from

Place with few supermarkets or farms to provide access to affordable, fresh, nutritious food

Commercially growing fruits and vegetables in a heavily populated area

Local farmers are invested in by members of the area providing the farmer with all necessary funds to run the farm and in return they share in the harvest

Desire to consume food products grown within the same geographic region

Practice where chemicals or genetically modified crops are not used in order to protect the environment and human health

Small producers are able to increase revenue, promoting higher wages, unionization, and environmental protections by cutting out the middle man and selling their products directly to transnational corporations