Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

A related influenced on patterns of settlement and land use that delineates property lines. Adopted in places where settlement could be regulated by law.

The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

The 18th century privatization of common lands in England, which contributed to the increase in population and the rise of industrialization.

The Danish economist (1910-1999) who argued that rising populations will stimulate human societies to produce more food through innovation and technology.

Using a large amount of land to farm food for the farmer's family to eat.

The domestication of plants and animals and the resulting start of a sedentary society (also called the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution).

Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.

The worldwide campaign to increase agricultural production from the 1940s to 60s, stimulated by new fertilizers and strains of wheat such as that by Norman Borlaug. The movement saved millions from starvation.

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Agricultural theory based on location economics.

System that divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers,roads, or canals. Mostly diffused by the French.

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco.

An agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.

Economic policy under which a nation accumulates wealth by exporting more goods than it imports

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Founder of the Green Revolution.

The use of crop rotation, natural fertilizers such as manure, and biological pest control, as opposed to artificial fertilizers,pesticides, hormones, antibiotics, additives, and genetically modified organisms, to promote healthy vigorous crops.

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost were established within the tropics; in recent decades, many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives

Cadastral system that imposed a rigid grid-like pattern on the land. Adopted by the U.S. Government & divides land into rectangular parcels.

A flooded field for growing rice.

Dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce.

The use of tropical forest clearings for crop production until their fertility is lost. Plots are then abandoned, and farmers move on to new sites

System of cultivation that usually exists in tropical areas where vegetation is cut close to the ground and then ignited. The fire introduces nutrients into the soil, thereby making it productive for a relatively short period of time.

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family.

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

Started throughout the 1970s and the 1980s all over the world. Resulted in great increase of production. In some cases, it failed to increase production.

Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.

Situations following Von Thunen's model, for example the agricultural patterns of the United States whereas dairying is centered in the East, less-perishable crops in the Midwest and ranching in the West. Takes scale into consideration.

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior.

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

Corn (maize) was first domesticated in

Green Revolution technology has resulted in which of the following in modern agriculture?

Which of the following is true of hunting and gathering as an activity?

Economic activities that involve the extraction of natural resources, such as lumbering, fishing, miming, and agriculture are called

Women played a crucial role in the domestication of plants because they

A world map of hog production per capita reveal the lowest values in which of the following regions?

In the Canadian prairies, barns were first built with

Which of the following was NOT one of the five original urban hearth regions?

Which of the following includes the world's earliest centers of plant domestication?

Nomadic pastoralism is an extensive agricultural system practiced

Which of the following activities is most likely to be found in the outermost zone of von Thunen's model of agricultural land use?

Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily as

The clearing of tropical rain forest for agriculture frequently results in

French influence on land division in the United States and Canada resulted in