Cities or towns with corporate status within a metropolitan area, having their own local government

Deal with the placement of land use activities, infrastructure, crime, and settlement growth within a metropolitan area

Forests or farmland in the middle of a metropolitan area are converted into new housing and business development

Movement of businesses and population from the central city to the suburbs

A city with over 20 million people with a large sprawling metropolitan area.

Wealthy residential neighborhood that is found in a rural area far from the central city.

City in the suburb that has a population over 100,000 and all the services of a central city but is decentralized.

These are govt. designated areas in cities that each have about 5000 people, they often times correspond to neighborhoods

Term used to explain an urban settlement acting as an independent, self-governing unit. In common speech it is used to express both the downtown area as well as suburbs surrounding it

Area of urban land that contains more than 50,000 people, a central city, suburbs and the countries where most of the people work in and/or visit the central city for many services.

Idea that the amount of interactions two cities have is directly related to how large in terms of population they are (because of size New York and Los Angeles, despite distance, interact more than small cities that are close to each other)

Any urban settlement with over 10 million people, these are growing in less developed countries because of industrialization leading to social and politically challenge as these cities cannot sustain this growth

the downtown area with many skyscrapers and companies but few permanent residents

city grows outwards from the central area (CBD in middle, then zone transition between business and residential, then zone of workers' homes, then zone of residences, then higher income commuter's zone)

Harris and Ullman will say that cities are very complex, creating many centers with which different types of activities revolve.

Homer Hoyt will say that the activities within a city develop in wedges (like slices of pie) around the CBD with industry clustering around the main transportation route and high income housing also continuing outward in a wedge.

The trend in population to move into less dense areas surrounding the central area

Typical of modern post-automobile metropolitan areas consisting of the central city, its growing edge cities that are then surrounded by a beltway highway

A new concentration of business in suburban areas due to urban sprawl

Refers to how the demand for land increases the closer to the CBD, resulting in higher land costs and therefore more intensive land use

Policies being put in place to limit urban sprawl

Opposite to most cities in the United States, they are more compact with highest income housing in the CBD due to the historic nature of these cities, and their suburban areas are often very dense with low income high rise apartments.

Because of their colonial connection, this model is similar to the European except that its central business district contains a central market and a religious temple (often a Catholic Cathedral), a spine or wedge of high end services and housing extending from the CBD, and squatter settlements on the outside of the city.

These are shantytowns or slums that surround the CBD or the main primate city in the LDCs. These areas have few amenities and the homes are usually made out of temporary materials. They occur because of overcrowding in LDC cities.

This model shows how much of this region still remains in the primary sector of the economy with a mining zone, a colonial and traditional CBD, and squatter settlements

City centers around a mosque and a bazaar, shopping district.

This model shows how most of their cities lie on ports in order to export manufactured goods, reflected in their Western Commercial Zone

Countries where their largest city has the most influence AND has well over twice as many people as the 2nd largest city. This rule is found in many European nation-states and in LDCs.

Countries where the "nth larges settlement is approximately 1/nth the population of the largest settlement" IE the 3rd largest city has 1/3 the population of the largest city. This rule is found in the United States and show that the US spreads its wealth and services throughout the country instead of centralizing them in one city.

Walter Christaller explains how services are distributed and why there are distinct patterns in this distribution. It is based on how far people are willing to travel for a certain service and the number of customers certain services require to survive, creating a hierarchy of cities represented by overlapping hexagons, based on the number of and types of services available

The market area of a service (i.e. a functional region: the area controlled by one service)

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a given service. Everyday items like groceries etc. have a short distance Specialty items are much longer.

The minimum number and type of people needed to support a service, example: expensive services need a wealthy client. Large services like major league sports teams need a large number of people to survive.

Cities that are the center for the flow of information and capital (wealth) around the world. They have a plethora of business, consumer, and public services. They are usually the country's capital city. One exception is NY, NY.

Large scale businesses which usually make up the economic base of a community, encouraging additional growth. Most of their products are exported to other places.

Industries where most of the consumers of that business live within that community (ie consumers services such as grocery stores) Provides employment for the community but do not spur large scale growth.

Theory about how transportation has affected the location and size of cities, from cities clustering by water for boat travel, then the growth of cities along Train routes, ending with suburbanization with the rise of automobiles

illegal practice of refusing (a loan or insurance) to someone because they live in an area deemed to be a poor financial risk

the process of White families selling their homes because of fears that Black families would move in and lower the property value (explains the white flight of the 1950's and the growth of suburbs)

Poorest rundown areas of a city lacking housing and services, in LDCs OR MDCs (different names in different areas)

Old manufacturing land left abandoned due to fears of hazardous materials, depressing land values and a major point for urban renewal

process of social and economic change caused by removal of industry as a country moves into the tertiary sector

Urban panning model that encourages mixed land use and environmentally friendly practices such as walkability, greenbelts, and public transportation

Area of open farm/park area that only allows a small amount of development

Allowing commercial and residential land use in the same spot such as apartments above retail stores

It refers to upper middle class people moving into neighborhoods that were originally low income neighborhoods that have been renovated, result of increasing property values lowing the number of affordable housing

Racial separation that is not a result of law but occurs because of the ongoing clustering of ethnicities or the ongoing effects of previous policies of racial discrimination such as redlining, blockbusting, or zoning

Industry not dependent on resources or proximity to market so it is not a stable business for a town as it can move to somewhere cheaper at any time