Question 1

What unexpected outcome occurred when Griffith injected mice with a mixture of heat-killed S-type bacteria and live R-type bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The mice died, and their lungs were filled with live S-type bacteria.

Answer

The mice died, but no bacteria were found in their bodies.

Answer

The mice lived, but the R-type bacteria turned into S-type bacteria later.

Answer

The mice lived, and the R-type bacteria were destroyed.

Question 2

Griffith observed that one type of bacteria had been changed permanently into another form. What term did he use to describe this process?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Answer

Translation

Answer

Infection

Answer

Evolution

Question 3

Which method did Avery's team use to determine which molecule was responsible for transformation?

Accepted Answer

They used enzymes to destroy specific molecules like proteins, lipids, and DNA one at a time.

Answer

They used a microscope to observe the molecules entering the bacteria.

Answer

They used radioactive isotopes to track the movement of molecules.

Answer

They separated the molecules using a centrifuge based on weight.

Question 4

In Avery's experiments, transformation did not occur when which specific substance was destroyed?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Question 5

What conclusion did Avery and his team draw from their experiments regarding DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next.

Answer

DNA is only present in disease-causing bacteria.

Answer

DNA requires proteins to function as a genetic carrier.

Answer

DNA is a structural component of the cell wall.

Question 6

What is a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A type of virus that infects bacteria

Answer

A radioactive marker used in genetic experiments

Answer

A type of bacteria that infects viruses

Answer

A protein found in eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Answer

5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose

Answer

Phosphate group

Question 8

According to Chargaff's rule, which relationship between nitrogenous bases is consistently observed in DNA samples?

Accepted Answer

[A] = [T] and [G] = [C]

Answer

[A] = [G]

Answer

[C] = [T]

Answer

[A] + [T] = [G] + [C]

Question 9

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to study the structure of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

X-ray diffraction

Answer

Chemical fermentation

Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Radioactive labeling

Question 10

What model did Watson and Crick build to explain the specific structure and properties of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Single helix

Answer

Triple spiral

Answer

Linear ladder

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary tasks DNA must carry out?

Accepted Answer

Creating energy for the cell

Answer

Copying genetic information

Answer

Putting genetic information to work in gene expression

Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 12

What is considered the foremost job of DNA as the molecule of heredity?

Accepted Answer

To store genetic information

Answer

To produce purple pigment directly

Answer

To strengthen the cell wall

Answer

To dissolve in water

Question 13

When does a cell make a complete copy of every one of its genes?

Accepted Answer

Before the cell divides

Answer

Only when the cell is damaged

Answer

After cell division is complete

Answer

During the formation of the cell membrane

Question 14

What term describes the arrangement where the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions?

Accepted Answer

Antiparallel

Answer

Perpendicular

Answer

Parallel

Answer

Symmetrical

Question 15

What type of chemical bonds hold the two strands of the DNA double helix together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Strong covalent bonds

Answer

Metallic bonds

Question 16

In the lysis step, what is the specific function of the detergent?

Accepted Answer

To destroy cell membranes and nuclear envelopes

Answer

To precipitate the DNA

Answer

To clump proteins together

Answer

To cut apart histones

Question 17

What is the role of the enzyme Proteinase K?

Accepted Answer

To cut apart histones and free DNA strands

Answer

To break down the lipids in the cell wall

Answer

To separate the liquid from the solid pellet

Answer

To make the DNA soluble in water

Question 18

What happens to proteins and cellular debris when Concentrated Salt Solution is added?

Accepted Answer

They clump together

Answer

They evaporate

Answer

They turn into DNA

Answer

They dissolve into the liquid

Question 19

After using the centrifuge the first time during DNA extraction experiment, where is the DNA located?

Accepted Answer

Suspended in the liquid (supernatant) at the top

Answer

In the protein pellet at the bottom

Answer

Stuck to the sides of the centrifuge

Answer

Floating in the air above the tube

Question 20

Why does DNA become visible when alcohol meets the water-based mixture?

Accepted Answer

DNA is not soluble in alcohol

Answer

Alcohol acts as a dye for DNA

Answer

DNA expands in alcohol

Answer

The alcohol freezes the water

Question 21

What does the term "antiparallel" mean in the context of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

The strands run in opposite directions

Answer

The strands cannot come into contact

Answer

The strands are made of magnetic tape

Answer

The strands run in the same direction

Question 22

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Adenine with Thymine; Guanine with Cytosine

Answer

Adenine with Adenine; Guanine with Guanine

Answer

Adenine with Cytosine; Guanine with Thymine

Answer

Adenine with Guanine; Thymine with Cytosine

Question 23

Why is it functionally important that the DNA strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

So the strands can be easily separated

Answer

To increase the weight of the molecule

Answer

To allow the DNA to be stored on a hard drive

Answer

To prevent any form of genetic mutation

Question 24

Approximately how much data can theoretically be stored in a mass of DNA equivalent to a single jelly bean?

Accepted Answer

600 million gigabytes

Answer

1,000 gigabytes

Answer

2 megabytes

Answer

12 words

Question 25

How is digital information translated for storage in synthetic DNA?

Accepted Answer

By converting binary code into the four chemical bases (A, T, C, G)

Answer

By printing 0s and 1s directly onto a sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer

By using X-ray patterns to create digital passwords

Answer

By freezing magnetic tape in a cold, dry place

Question 26

What is the principal enzyme that joins nucleotides to synthesize a new complementary strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA primase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Telomerase

Question 27

If an original DNA strand has the base sequence TACGTT, what will be the complementary sequence produced?

Accepted Answer

ATGCAA

Answer

GCAUAA

Answer

TACGTT

Answer

ATGCUU

Question 28

DNA replication is described as "semiconservative" because:

Accepted Answer

Each resulting DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.

Answer

It results in two completely new DNA molecules.

Answer

It saves half of the energy required for cellular division.

Answer

Only half of the DNA is copied during the S phase.

Question 29

What are telomeres?

Accepted Answer

Protective caps at the tips of eukaryotic chromosomes.

Answer

Enzymes that join nucleotides together.

Answer

The bonds that hold adenine and thymine together.

Answer

The specific sites where replication forks begin.

Question 30

Which lifestyle intervention is consistently shown to stimulate natural telomerase and protect chromosomal ends?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise and stress management

Answer

High-sugar diets

Answer

Chronic stress exposure

Answer

Reducing aerobic exercise to under 30 minutes

Question 31

What are the four chemical bases that make up DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Answer

Adenine, Thiamine, Glucose, Cytosine

Answer

Acetone, Thymine, Guanine, Carbon

Answer

Adenine, Tyrosine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 32

Which material is used in the procedure to help the DNA precipitate out of the solution?

Accepted Answer

Cold rubbing alcohol

Answer

Hot distilled water

Answer

Liquid soap with EDTA

Answer

Table salt

Question 33

In the context of this experiment, what is the "filtrate"?

Accepted Answer

The liquid collected after the mixture passes through a filter

Answer

The soapy water before it is mixed with banana

Answer

The white solid material that forms at the end of the experiment

Answer

The solid banana pieces left in the filter

Question 34

What is the functional unit of living things that contains DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cells

Answer

Atoms

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Enzymes

Question 35

What is the purpose of adding soap or shampoo to the mixture?

Accepted Answer

To help dissolve cell membranes and release DNA

Answer

To create foam for easier visibility

Answer

To act as a filter for the banana chunks

Answer

To make the DNA change color

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