Question 1

Approximately how many DNA base pairs make up the human genome?

Accepted Answer

3 billion

Answer

46 billion

Answer

3 million

Answer

20000

Question 2

What percentage of DNA do humans share with one another?

Accepted Answer

0.999

Answer

1

Answer

0.98

Answer

0.991

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

Less than 2%

Answer

0.75

Answer

Nearly 50%

Answer

Exactly 10%

Question 4

What are Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)?

Accepted Answer

Common single-position variations occurring in more than 1% of a population

Answer

The bonds that hold sugar and phosphate groups together

Answer

Large-scale deletions of DNA sections

Answer

The proteins responsible for "Out of Africa" migration

Question 5

Which scientific theory regarding human history is supported by genomic research?

Accepted Answer

The "Out of Africa" theory

Answer

The "Static Population" theory

Answer

The "Island Evolution" theory

Answer

The "Three-Continent" theory

Question 6

According to the four-step breeding cycle, what must a breeder do after selecting parents and breeding them?

Accepted Answer

Evaluate the offspring and repeat the selection process

Answer

Change the desired trait to a different one

Answer

Stop the program to ensure diversity

Answer

Immediately sell all puppies

Question 7

The Greyhound's "S-Curve" spine is a functional design trait that acts like a:

Accepted Answer

Spring to allow for a longer stride

Answer

Sensor for detecting prey

Answer

Radiator to dump heat

Answer

Rudder for steering in water

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of the Dachshund's long, tubular body and short legs?

Accepted Answer

To crawl into narrow underground badger dens

Answer

To intimidate livestock with a low crouch

Answer

To swim through mangrove roots

Answer

To increase aerodynamic speed

Question 9

Which physical features of a Bloodhound specifically help "trap" and "sweep" scent molecules toward its nose?

Accepted Answer

Loose, wrinkly skin and long, droopy ears

Answer

Deep chest and thin skin

Answer

Upright ears and a short tail

Answer

Compact paws and a whip tail

Question 10

What is the term for the process of crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hybridization

Answer

Genetic stunting

Answer

Inbreeding

Answer

Homozygosity

Question 11

Which term describes the spread of malignant tumors to other parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Answer

Programmed cell death

Answer

Benign

Answer

proliferation

Question 12

Why does targeted therapy typically result in fewer side effects than chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

It precisely attacks specific parts of cancer cells.

Answer

It targets the patient's entire immune system for destruction.

Answer

It affects all rapidly dividing cells throughout the body.

Question 13

How many copies of the HER2 gene are typically found in a normal human cell?

Accepted Answer

Two

Answer

Twenty

Answer

Six

Question 14

What is the result of HER2 gene amplification in breast cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Overexpression of HER2 protein receptors

Answer

Decreased cell survival

Answer

Conversion of oncogenes to proto-oncogenes

Answer

Suppression of intracellular signaling

Question 15

In the immunofluorescence (IF) assay, which color indicates the presence of the estrogen receptor (GPER)?

Accepted Answer

Red

Answer

Blue

Answer

Yellow

Answer

Green

Question 16

In which lane should the PCR marker be loaded according to the sample chart in the MiniLab?

Accepted Answer

Lane 1

Answer

Lane 5

Answer

Lane 9

Answer

Lane 3

Question 17

What volume of DNA sample should be loaded into each well in the MiniLab?

Accepted Answer

10 µL

Answer

5 µL

Answer

2 µL

Answer

20 µL

Question 18

How long should the gel run to ensure sufficient DNA separation in the MiniLab?

Accepted Answer

25 minutes

Answer

45 minutes

Answer

60 minutes

Answer

10 minutes

Question 19

What is the size of the smallest DNA band in the PCR marker used in the MiniLab?

Accepted Answer

50 bp

Answer

150 bp

Answer

100 bp

Answer

25 bp

Question 20

What drives the process of selective breeding?

Accepted Answer

Human necessity

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Survival of the fittest

Answer

Environmental changes

Question 21

How many DNA base pairs are contained in the human genome?

Accepted Answer

3 billion

Answer

20000

Answer

23 billion

Answer

3 million

Question 22

What percentage of the human genome consists of protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

1% to 2%

Answer

0.5

Answer

10% to 15%

Answer

0.999

Question 23

What does the practice of inbreeding involve?

Accepted Answer

Breeding organisms with similar traits

Answer

Breeding completely dissimilar organisms

Answer

Creating entirely new genetic mutations

Answer

Relying on random natural selection

Question 24

How much genetic similarity exists between any two humans?

Accepted Answer

About 99.9%

Answer

Precisely 100%

Answer

Around half

Answer

Very little

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