Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

The process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are brought within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applied to state and local governments.

14th amendment clause and has been used to combat discrimination

law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions

government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

At issue in Schenck v. US and NY Times v US

the verbal expression of thought and opinion before an audience that has chosen to listen

nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the first amendment.

A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.

Power used by Congress to gather information useful for the formation of legislation, review the operations and budgets of executive departments and independent regulatory agencies, conduct investigations through committee hearings, and bring to the public's attention the need for public policy