a feeling of unity, free of political strife

differences in the goals and interests of different parts of the country.

trade between states

sole control of an industry

Court ruled that courts could declare acts of a state government void if they violated provisions of the Constitution

strong voice in Congress representing the West

strong voice in Congress representing the South

strong voice in Congress representing the North

the United States and Britain agreed to limit the number of armed naval vessels on the Great Lakes

gave up control of

served as a clear warning to European nations to keep out of the Americas

September 16, 1810

a priest who led the rebellion in Mexico against Spain

led the independence movement that won freedom for Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador

successfully achieved independence for Chile and Peru

Spain had lost control of most of South America