A famous European that visited China during the lifetime of Kublai Khan.

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: Enabled sailors to know which direction they were heading

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: Enabled sailors to determine their ship's latitude on the ocean

Important Innovation for the discovery of the New World: A Portuguese ship that sported 2 or 3 sails and was extremely maneuverable.

An economic system that was designed to enhance the wealth and power of a nation.

First one to sail around Africa's southern cape, which he called Good Hope.

The first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.

An Italian sailor who believed he could find an all-water route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic, but actually landed in the Caribbean Islands, which he called "San Salvador". (First modern European to reach the Western Hemisphere)

Florentine navigator who realized the discovery of a new continent and explored the coast of South America.

English explorer who claimed new-found land for England while looking for Northwest Passage.

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.

-(1483-1546) German theologian who led the Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches. The movement was caused by Europe's rediscovery of biblical truth

(1509-1564) Geneva's most influential teacher and reformer.

A land bridge over the Bering Strait that some historians believe once connected Russia and Alaska

Indians that lived in small villages, caves or canyons. Had their "golden age" in 1000 AD but ended by lack of water and raids by Navajos and Apaches

an Spanish adventurer (especially one who led the conquest of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century)

The nickname for the Adena and Hopewell Indian cultures who built mounds to bury their dead in.

Indian civilization that developed along the Atlantic coast (Probably the first Indian culture the settlers encountered).

Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles (all in the Southeast)

Believed you can pray to God directly and interpret the Scripture without the need for an intermediary priest

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors

Commanded an expedition that left Mexico in 1540 to explore what would later be the southwestern United States

First to explore the Florida peninsula in 1513

-Where Juan Ponce de Leon landed in 1513

Discovered the Mississippi River

(1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.

English privateer who led British fleet against the Spanish Armada.

-English ruler who approved the colonization of North America

English sea captains that would plunder spanish ship; Hawkins, Raley, Drake

(1588) The Spanish fleet that attempted to invade England, ending in disaster, due to the raging storm in the English Channel as well as the smaller and better English navy led by Francis Drake. This is viewed as the decline of Spains Golden Age, and the rise of England as a world naval power.

Received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to explore the American coastline. His ships landed on Roanoke, which became a "lost colony."

Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s

Roanoke Island, a short lived colony who's fate has never been determined.

The sparse French settlements in Canada

English navigator who discovered the Hudson River

-A colony founded by the Dutch in 1624

The last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland

-A colony founded in 1683

Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24