US History Spring Semester Exam Review

passed by Federalists during John Adams' presidency in order to silence Democratic-Republicans; part of these laws (alien) targeted immigrants; part of these laws (sedition) made it illegal to criticize the government in print, which violated the 1st Amendment

tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr (both Democratic-Republicans) in the Electoral College; presidency was decided by the House of Representatives, who chose Jefferson on the 36th vote

POTUS #3; believed in a smaller federal government and was against government debt; he reduced the number of federal employees and reduced the military

Supreme Court case that established judicial review, which states that the Supreme Court has the final say in deciding if a law is constitutional or not

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for many years; presided over Marbury case

land west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains; included the port city of New Orleans; bought it from France in 1803; explored by Lewis and Clark; Jefferson hesitated before buying it because it was not a power given to the POTUS by the Constitution (strict interpretation)

I - impressments; S - seizing US ships; S - supplying Native Americans

W - weakened Native resistance, I - Industry increased (due to blockade), N - nationalism & patriotism

told European countries that they are not allowed to colonize in the Western Hemisphere (the Americas); US became the protector of Latin America

agreement reached in Congress (written by Henry Clay) in order to maintain the balance of free and slave states in Congress; Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine as a free state; it also banned slavery North of the 36°30ˊ latitude

The Supreme Court ruled the federal government has the authority to regulate interstate commerce (businesses that cross state lines); gives more power to the federal government.

The Supreme Court ruled a state can't tax its branch of the national bank; gave more power to the federal government.

Eli Whitney; allowed for cotton to be cleaned at a much quicker pace; resulted in an increase in the planting of cotton, which led to a much larger demand for slaves on plantations in order to pick the cotton

Samuel F.B. Morse; allowed people to communicate over long distances; increased national unity

Robert Fulton; allowed much quicker travel (including upstream); increased national unity