Passed by the English Parliament in 1689; made Parliament more powerful than the king; established principle that English government would be based on laws made by Parliament, not the desires of the king

17th century Enlightenment philosopher who argued that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property; influenced colonists to question authority of government that doesn't protect these rights

Great Awakening preacher; his sermon "Sinners In the Hands of an Angry God" terrified listeners with images of God's anger and need for salvation

Journalist who was jailed for criticizing the royal governor of New York; he was found innocent and his trial helped establish freedom of the press in the colonies (and later 1st Amendment)

England's law-making assembly made of House of Lords (birth) and House of Commons (elected); had authority over English Colonies but interfered very little in their affairs in the first half of the 18th century (salutary neglect)

trade with one ship making three stops to unload and load cargo: EXAMPLE: Europe to Africa (rum for slaves); Africa to America (slaves for molasses); America to Europe (molasses for rum)

1st English document to limit the power of the king and extend rights to citizens (nobles): written in 1215; ensured the king could not seize a noble's property and guaranteed trial by jury to nobles accused of crime

English laws passed by Parliament to make sure England was getting its share of profits from colonial trading; laws were not enforced (salutary neglect) and colonial merchants smuggled goods in and out

A voyage that brought millions of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies; Middle leg of Triangular Trade; conditions were horrible and many died during the journey

18th century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge; influenced colonists to question government authority if government was not protecting rights

Government in which citizens elect representatives to make laws.

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

A preacher who was one of the leaders of the Great Awakening.

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies; resulted was colonists got used to acting on their own and governing themselves

religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 40s; encouraged ideas of equality and the right to question authority

leader of a royal colony; appointed by the king

guilt or innocence decided by a group of peers rather than official appointed by king; guaranteed to nobles in Magna Carta

illegally importing and/or exporting goods

rights individuals are born with that cannot be taken away and governments must protect; according to John Locke they include life, liberty and property

basic rights that English colonists expected the government to preserve; had developed over time beginning with the Magna Carta