period when early peoples learned how to plant and raise crops

a change to a lower state or level

a payment by one ruler or nation to another in acknowledgement of submission or as the price of protection

the manner of accomplishing a task using specialized methods, processes, or knowledge

circular ceremonial room built by the Anasazi

Spanish for "village"; term used by the early Spanish explorers to denote large housing structures built by the Anasazi

at an unspecified time or day; in the end

In 700 C.E., this group developed a large system of irrigation canals.

the first people to develop a civilization in Mesoamerica

Around 200 C.E., this group emerged on the Yucatán Peninsula and expanded into today's Central America and southern Mexico

this group built a large city named Tula. They built large pyramids and huge palaces with pillared halls. First group to use gold and copper in art and jewelry.

This group built the city Tenochtitlán on the site of today's Mexico City. The name of their original homeland was Aztlán. They created an empire by conquering neighboring cities and demanding tribute

the Navajo gave this group their name. They lived in the four corners states in the United States. They accumulated water by building networks of basins and ditches to channel rain into stone-lined depressions.

city that covered about 5 square miles and contained more than 100 flat topped pyramids and mounds. Home to about 16,000 people.

the largest of the Mississippian cultural groups. They lived in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and northeastern Georgia.

the group that would be some of the world's greatest mounted hunters and warriors

these were the first Native Americans to encounter English settlers

Extended families lived in longhouses in large towns which they protected with building stockades. Men did the hunting while women tended the crops. Women headed kinship groups and selected the ruling councilmen.