Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

France, Britain, Russia

secret message from Germany to Mexico, threatening to act together against America. Helps lead U.S. toward war with Germany.

Speech may be punished if it creates a clear-and-present-danger (example: yelling fire in a crowded theater when there is no fire); used to limit anti-draft criticism since such speech would present a danger to the military's ability to build a defense force

A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI

A brief wave of fear over the possible influence of Socialists/Bolsheviks in American life.

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolatoinism. The US economy "boomed" but Europe continued to struggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: World War II

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree; Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

1925 court case in which William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow debated issues on teaching evolution in school systems; Scopes was a high school teacher at the center of the case

the practice of making high-risk investments with borrowed money in hopes of getting a big return; buying a good at a cheap price based on the assumption that it is destined to increase in value soon thus netting the purchaser a financial boon even after the original loan is paid back

(HH) , starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, Hoover was blamed for it

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.

Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours.

the government agency that insures customer deposits if a bank fails

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion caused the phenomenon.