In avian species, such as the domestic chicken, which anatomical feature of the urinary system is notably absent compared to most mammals?

In the bovine kidney, which anatomical arrangement is characteristic of its external morphology compared to the dog or horse?

Which specific anatomical structure is found in the male cat's urethra that is absent in the dog, potentially contributing to obstructive urolithiasis?

Which domestic species possesses a right kidney that is distinctly heart-shaped rather than the typical bean-shape found in other mammals?

In feline and canine renal anatomy, what is the term for the shared common cavity into which all papillary ducts empty before entering the ureter?

In the porcine (pig) kidney, which anatomical feature is present that distinguishes its internal structure from that of the canine kidney?

In the feline kidney, what are the visible subcapsular vessels that converge toward the hilus and are particularly prominent during gross anatomical examination?

In the equine kidney, what unique physiological and anatomical feature is responsible for the characteristic thick, cloudy appearance of horse urine?

The trigone of the urinary bladder is a clinically significant smooth triangular region located on the internal dorsal surface. Which three openings define the boundaries of this area?

In the male dog, which structure surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra and can cause urinary obstruction if it becomes enlarged due to hormonal changes or pathology?