A laboratory test that evaluates the content of a person's urine for the presence of blood, bacteria, and other substances.

A protein found in cardiac muscle that is released into the bloodstream when the heart is damaged.

A condition characterized by the presence of swollen, twisted veins, often occurring in the legs.

The measurement of the pressure within the arteries during the contraction and relaxation of the heart.

The resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system, particularly the small blood vessels.

A waste product formed from the metabolism of proteins, commonly measured to evaluate kidney function.

A condition involving a blockage in the urinary system that prevents urine from flowing properly, potentially leading to kidney damage.

A bladder condition characterized by a strong, frequent urge to urinate, often resulting in leakage.

A neurogenic condition where the bladder does not function properly due to nerve damage, affecting urine storage and release.

A byproduct found in the blood that is commonly tested to evaluate kidney function, derived from muscle metabolism.