The total amount of air the lungs can hold after taking the deepest breath possible.

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation.

A substance that reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs, helping to keep the air sacs (alveoli) open.

The process by which oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled, primarily involving the lungs.

A condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can lead to heart complications.

The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal breathing.

The term for the process by which blood bypasses the normal pulmonary circulation, often resulting in a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

A thick mucus secretion from the respiratory tract, often associated with infections or lung diseases.

A progressive lung disease characterized by scarring of lung tissue, which can lead to breathing difficulties.

A type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and right side of the heart.