A set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.

A method of protecting individuals by stimulating their immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen, often through vaccinations.

A therapeutic strategy that provides antibodies to a patient, helping to reduce the severity of a disease but does not induce lasting immunity.

Diseases caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can be transmitted from one individual to another.

A virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells, leading to severe immunodeficiency if left untreated.

Substances used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, commonly used to treat infections.

Statistical measures that indicate the occurrence or frequency of a health-related event, often expressed in terms of time and population at risk.

A mathematical comparison that expresses how many times one value contains or is contained within another, often used in statistics.

A statistical measure that represents a part of a whole, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage.

A measure that reflects the proportion of mortality in a specific group, often used to understand causes of death and public health impact.