The igneous rock that forms from lava on earth’s surface.

These can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the rock

These characteristics of rock that may be observed when it participates in a chemical reaction.

A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.

The look and feel of a rock’s surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grain.

A naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical Composition.

A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals.

A minerals ability to split easily along flat surfaces.