Question 1

What is the main property of process abstraction?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Parameterization

Question 2

What is the purpose of an Abstract Data Type (ADT)?

Accepted Answer

To simplify data representation and operations

Answer

To complicate programming tasks

Answer

To leak access to data structures

Answer

To increase data type complexity

Question 3

What is one of the requirements of an ADT?

Accepted Answer

Hidden implementation

Answer

Limited functionality

Answer

Complex syntax

Answer

No representations

Question 4

Which programming languages use encapsulation constructs to provide a single data type and its operations?

Accepted Answer

C++

Answer

HTML

Answer

Python

Answer

JavaScript

Question 5

What is the principle behind "data hiding" in traditional structure programming?

Accepted Answer

To make modules independent of one another

Answer

To increase program complexity

Answer

To minimize program independence

Answer

To complicate program structure

Question 6

What is the main advantage of encapsulation in abstract data types?

Accepted Answer

Improved program readability

Answer

Increased program complexity

Answer

Enhanced program dependency

Answer

Reduced program stability

Question 7

Which concept in object-oriented programming allows for the combination of functions and data within a single entity?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Abstraction

Question 8

What is the purpose of parameterization in process abstraction?

Accepted Answer

To allow for a variety of operations based on parameters

Answer

To increase code complexity

Answer

To simplify data representation

Answer

To restrict access to data

Question 9

How does encapsulation contribute to the stability and maintainability of a program?

Accepted Answer

By confining changes to smaller portions of the program

Answer

By decreasing program readability

Answer

By increasing program complexity

Answer

By minimizing program dependency

Question 10

Which programming languages provide a more generalized encapsulation construct that can define a number of entities?

Accepted Answer

Modula-2

Answer

Pascal

Answer

Smalltalk

Answer

C++

Question 11

What is the main advantage of using Abstract Data Types (ADTs)?

Accepted Answer

Autonomous use without hindrances to the programmer

Answer

Limited access to data structures

Answer

Reduced program stability

Answer

Increased program complexity

Question 12

In object-oriented programming, what surrounds or hides data with its functions?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Table

Answer

Modules

Answer

Inheritance

Question 13

What is the primary purpose of encapsulation in abstract data types?

Accepted Answer

To hide the implementation details of a data type

Answer

To make program units visible outside the encapsulating unit

Answer

To increase program complexity

Answer

To provide multiple representations of data

Question 14

Expressions are the fundamental means of specifying computations in a programming language. Which of the following is a primary role of expressions in imperative languages?

Accepted Answer

Assignment

Answer

Data Transmission

Answer

Data Retrieval

Answer

Data Storage

Question 15

Which operator has the highest precedence in most programming languages?

Accepted Answer

Parentheses

Answer

Multiplication (*)

Answer

Addition (+)

Answer

Unary operators

Question 16

In C-based languages, which of the following is an example of a conditional expression?

Accepted Answer

average = (count == 0) ? 0 : sum / count;

Answer

while (a < b) a++;

Answer

a = b + c;

Answer

if (a > b) a = b;

Question 17

Which of the following is a solution to the problem of functional side effects?

Accepted Answer

Disallowing two-way parameters in functions

Answer

Using dynamic type checking

Answer

Allowing non-local references in functions

Answer

Encouraging implicit type conversions

Question 18

A program has the property of referential transparency if:

Accepted Answer

Any two expressions with the same value can be substituted for one another without affecting the program

Answer

It uses explicit type conversions

Answer

It does not use any functions

Answer

Functions do not change global variables

Question 19

Which of the following languages does NOT allow user-defined overloaded operators?

Accepted Answer

Java

Answer

Ruby

Answer

C++

Answer

Ada

Question 20

Which of the following is a widening conversion?

Accepted Answer

short to long

Answer

float to int

Answer

double to float

Answer

int to byte

Question 21

In most programming languages, how are mixed-mode expressions typically handled?

Accepted Answer

Using implicit type conversion (coercion)

Answer

Using narrowing conversions

Answer

Using explicit type conversion

Answer

Disallowing such expressions

Question 22

Which Boolean operator/s has equal precedence in some language?

Accepted Answer

AND (&&) / OR (||)

Answer

OR (||) / XOR (^)

Answer

NOT (!)

Answer

XOR (^)

Question 23

Which of the following statements about short-circuit evaluation is true?

Accepted Answer

C, C++, and Java use short-circuit evaluation for the usual Boolean operators

Answer

Short-circuit evaluation is more efficient than non-short-circuit evaluation

Answer

All languages use short-circuit evaluation for Boolean operators

Answer

Short-circuit evaluation always evaluates all operands

Question 24

Which language uses := as the assignment operator?

Accepted Answer

Pascal

Answer

FORTRAN

Answer

C++

Answer

BASIC

Question 25

What is the shorthand syntax for adding two values in most modern programming languages?

Accepted Answer

a += b

Answer

a =+ b

Answer

a == b

Answer

a = a // b

Question 26

Which of the following languages allows the assignment statement to produce a result and be used as an operand?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

ALGOL

Answer

Pascal

Answer

FORTRAN

Question 27

In which language can you use the syntax ($first, $second) = ($second, $first); for multiple-target, multiple-source assignments?

Accepted Answer

Ruby

Answer

C++

Answer

Java

Answer

Python

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true about mixed-mode assignments in Java?

Accepted Answer

Java only allows widening assignment coercions

Answer

Java uses both widening and narrowing coercions

Answer

Java disallows all mixed-mode assignments

Answer

Java uses implicit type conversion for all numeric types

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a ternary operator?

Accepted Answer

(condition) ? expr1 : expr2

Answer

-

Answer

+

Answer

/

Question 30

In most languages, which of the following operators has the highest precedence?

Accepted Answer

( )

Answer

+

Answer

**

Answer

*

Question 31

What is a potential problem with functional side effects in expressions?

Accepted Answer

They can alter the value of another operand in the same expression

Answer

They enhance the readability of the code

Answer

They make the code shorter

Answer

They always result in syntax errors

Question 32

Which type of conversion can lose accuracy?

Accepted Answer

Widening conversion

Answer

Casting

Answer

Narrowing conversion

Answer

Implicit conversion

Question 33

Which control structure is controlled by precedence and associativity?

Accepted Answer

Within expressions

Answer

Selection statements

Answer

Function calls

Answer

Among program units

Question 34

What are the three levels of control flow mentioned in the course packet?

Accepted Answer

Within expressions, among program units, and program statements

Answer

Among expressions, function calls, and loops

Answer

Branching, selection, and iteration

Answer

Function calls, if statements, and loops

Question 35

It is defined as a control statement plus statements whose execution it controls?

Accepted Answer

Control structure

Answer

Looping

Answer

Function calls

Answer

Conditional statements

Question 36

In the context of selection statements, what does the 'else' clause represent?

Accepted Answer

The statement executed when the control expression is false

Answer

A loop that executes a default action

Answer

The end of the if statement

Answer

The statement executed when the control expression is true

Question 37

Which of the following design issues relates to two-way selection statements?

Accepted Answer

What is the form and type of the control expression?

Answer

Is execution flow through the structure restricted to a single segment?

Answer

What are the type and scope of the loop variable?

Answer

How is iteration controlled?

Question 38

In FORTRAN, what is the purpose of the 'GOTO' statement in selection statements?

Accepted Answer

To select multiple statements

Answer

To handle errors

Answer

To create loops

Answer

To improve readability

Question 39

What is a key characteristic of the 'switch' statement in C-like languages?

Accepted Answer

It allows for multiple cases to be executed in one pass (fall-through behavior)

Answer

The control expression must be a string

Answer

It must have a loop variable

Answer

It does not support a default case

Question 40

Which of the following is a design choice for the 'switch' statement?

Accepted Answer

Selectable segments can be statement sequences, blocks, or compound statements

Answer

The control expression must be a string

Answer

It must have a pre-test condition

Answer

Selectable segments can only be single statements

Question 41

In Scheme, what form does the 'cond' special form take?

Accepted Answer

(cond (test1 result1) ...  (testn resultn)  (else defaultResult))

Answer

switch (expression) {case1: stmt1; ... default: stmt2;}

Answer

if (test) {result} else {defaultResult}

Answer

(case expr (valuelist1 result1) ... (else defaultResult))

Question 42

Which statement correctly describes counter-controlled loops?

Accepted Answer

They rely on a loop variable with an initial, terminal, and stepsize value

Answer

They must include a control expression that evaluates to a boolean

Answer

They do not allow the loop variable to be modified within the loop body

Answer

They only run a fixed number of times

Question 43

In C's 'for' statement, which expression is evaluated once at the beginning of the loop? ([expr_1] ; [expr_2] ; [expr_3])

Accepted Answer

expr_1

Answer

None of the above

Answer

expr_2

Answer

expr_3

Question 44

Which type of loop control is based on a boolean expression and can be either pre-test or post-test?

Accepted Answer

Logically-controlled loops

Answer

Conditional branches

Answer

Counter-controlled loops

Answer

Selection statements

Question 45

What is the purpose of the 'continue' statement in loops?

Accepted Answer

To skip the remainder of iteration

Answer

To evaluate the loop condition again immediately

Answer

To transfer control to a labeled statement

Answer

To terminate the loop

Question 46

In the context of iteration based on data structures, what is an iterator function?

Accepted Answer

A function that returns the next element in a data structure

Answer

A function that terminates the loop

Answer

A function that initializes the loop variable

Answer

A function that skips the current iteration

Question 47

Which of the following is a design issue for nested loops with user-located loop control mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Whether control should be transferable out of more than one loop

Answer

Whether the loop variable can be modified within the loop

Answer

How to handle multiple cases within the loop

Answer

The loop must only be controlled by a logical expression

Question 48

Which of the following design issues relates to two-way selection statements?

Accepted Answer

What is the form and type of the control expression?

Answer

How is iteration controlled?

Answer

Is execution flow through the structure restricted to a single segment?

Answer

What are the type and scope of the loop variable?

Question 49

In Scheme, what form does the 'cond' special form take?

Accepted Answer

(cond (test1 result1) ...  (testn resultn)  (else defaultResult))

Answer

(case expr (valuelist1 result1) ... (else defaultResult))

Answer

if (test) {result} else {defaultResult}

Answer

switch (expression) {case1: stmt1; ... default: stmt2;}

Question 50

Which statement correctly describes counter-controlled loops?

Accepted Answer

They rely on a loop variable with an initial, terminal, and stepsize value

Answer

They must include a control expression that evaluates to a boolean

Answer

They only run a fixed number of times

Answer

They do not allow the loop variable to be modified within the loop body

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