A 52-year-old woman with breast cancer undergoes right mastectomy and reconstruction with afree transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap. The procedure is uneventful. In the recovery room, the patient’s husband says that she has been smoking one pack of cigarettes daily up to the day of surgery. Which of the following postoperative complications is most likely to occur?

A 43-year-old Caucasian woman is referred to the office because of a mass on her right breast that has been rapidly growing for 8 weeks. Physical examination shows a 4.5-cm, freely movable mass in the right breast. No axillary adenopathy or nipple discharge is noted. Which of the following is the most likely nonepithelial neoplasm in this patient?

A 62-year-old woman with a history of Stage III breast cancer is scheduled for delayed autologous breast reconstruction from the abdominal donor site. She has no other medical problems. BMI is 30 kg/m2. Her mother had a lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in the past. Caprini risk assessment score is 9. Which of the following is the most appropriate method of postoperative VTE risk reduction?

A 52-year-old woman undergoes immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with a free deep inferior epigastric flap. Near completion of the procedure, the flap skin paddle is noted to have venous congestion. On exploration of the pedicle, the anastomosis between the vena comitans and the internal mammary vessel appears patent. Which of the following preventive measures would most likely have averted this issue?

A 54-year-old woman with breast cancer undergoes a skin-sparing mastectomy with tissue expander reconstruction. Adjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent radiation therapy have been recommended. Chemotherapy proceeds during tissue expansion. Radiation may be performed either before or after the implant exchange procedure. When compared with radiating the permanent implant, radiating the tissue expander is most likely to increase the risk of which of the following?