A 12-month-old male infant is brought to the office for evaluation of a small right thumb. Physical examination shows instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint and hypoplasia of the first web space. The carpometacarpal joint is stable. The patient has difficulty moving the thumb. Which of the following is the next best step in management?

Congenital constriction band syndrome is responsible for which of the following percentages of all congenital upper limb defects?

A 9-month-old boy presents for evaluation of unilateral preaxial polydactyly. X-ray studies show triphalangism of the accessory thumb. Which of the following is the most likely Wassel classification in this patient?

 A newborn is diagnosed with a hypoplastic thumb and an anorectal malformation. These findings are most likely associated with which of the following conditions?

A 3-month-old male infant is brought to the clinic by his parents for evaluation of craniofacial and hand anomalies. Genetic testing confirms an FGFR2 abnormality consistent with Apert syndrome. Which of the following hand anomalies is most likely in this infant?