non-metallic material to be welded, cut, or brazed

metal to be welded, cut, brazed, or soldered

the angle formed between the bevel of the joint and the plane perpendicular to the surface of the base material

used when parts are joined edge to edge

formed by placing two pieces of base metal perpendicular to one another so that the edge of one piece of base metal intersects the surface of the other piece

the final weld pass of a multiple-pass weld that forms the weld face

formed when the surfaces of two pieces are in contact and their edges are even, or flush

shaping of the edges of the joint prior to welding

The minimum distance from the weld face to the root of the weld without any convexity.

The distance from the top of the weld face to the surface of the base metal

is material that must be added to replace the metal that must be removed when the edges of thicker metal are machined or flame cut. It ensures that the completed weld joint is as thick and as strong as the base metal.

refers to how the parts to be welded are assembled prior to welding. There are 5 types: butt, lap, corner, T, and edge

made by fusing molten filler metal into a butt joint that has been set up in a groove formation

a joint formed when there is a designed space in the form of an angled or shaped groove between the pieces being joined

The surface formed on the edge or base metal after it has been machined or flame cut

The total angle formed between the groove face on one piece and the groove face on the other face

The point where the weld intersects the base metal surface near the bottom of the joint

The distance from the weld root to the point where the bevel angle begins

The outer surface of the weld bead on the side the weld was made

The point where the weld bead contacts the base metal surface

The distance the penetration pro-jects from the root side of the joint

The depth that a weld extends into the joint from the surface

a joint formed by two overlapping pieces of base metal

are welded along the the inside of the intersection of the two pieces

are welded along the outside edge of the joint. The edges may be squared, beveled, J-grooved, flared, or edge-flanged.

is formed by 2 pieces of base metal that are at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to one another

is formed when the edge of one or more pieces of the joint is bent to form a flange

are formed when the flanged edges of one or both pieces are placed together to form a single-flare-bevel or double-flare-V-groove. The weld is placed in the bevel or V-groove.

are made at the intersection of the surface and an edge or in a corner where two surfaces meet

One of the three primary dimensions of a fillet weld. It is the length of one side.

One of the three primary dimensions of a fillet weld. The shortest distance from the toe to the surface of the other piece of base metal.

One weld pass of filler metal that is added to a weld joint. Only one weld bead is required for fusing base metal.

occurs each time a welder lays one weld bead across a weld joint. Only one weld pass is required for fusing base metal.

is sometimes required if the metal is thick, since more than one weld pass is required to make a strong joint with complete penetration.

is the first weld pass of a multiple-pass weld.

The intermediate weld pass of a multiple-pass weld.

is made by moving a torch or electrode holder along the weld without any side-to-side motion. Stringer bead is used when a standard bead width is acceptable.

is used to create a wider weld pool. It is formed by moving the torch or electrode holder from side to side as the weld pass progresses along the weld joint. Different movement patterns can be used; the crescent motion is one of the most popular patterns.

the shape and dimensions of a weld joint, in cross section, prior to welding. It is generally determined by a welding engineer or designer.

is a small weld used to hold pieces in alignment

is the depth of fusion of the weld below the surface. Total penetration occurs when a weld penetrates through the entire thickness of the base metal. Generally, total penetration is required only on a butt joint.

Welds can be made in flat, horizontal, vertical, or overhead positions. The A.W.S. refers to them with a number and letter combination.

is an imaginary line running lengthwise through a completed weld

The weld axis must be within 15 degrees of horizontal, and the weld face must be within 30 degrees of horizontal. The weld is made from the upper side of the joint.

The weld axis must be within 15 degrees of horizontal, and the weld face must be within 80-150 degrees or 210-280 degrees. Angles are measured clockwise with 0 degrees at the bottom.

must meet either:

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See image

The weld axis is between 0-80 degrees, and the weld face is between 0-80 or 280-360 degrees. The weld is made from the lower side of the joint.

also known as groove weld size. It is the depth to which the weld reaches from the base metal surface.