Question 1

What is analogue data?

Accepted Answer

Data represented in a continuous physical form (e.g., grooves in vinyl, sound waves, shadows on a sundial).

Question 2

What is digital data?

Accepted Answer

Data stored as binary (1s and 0s), created by sampling analogue signals.

Question 3

Give an example of analogue data.

Accepted Answer

A voice recording or acoustic instrument sound.

Question 4

What is sampling?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the level of analogue sound many times per second and recording it as binary.

Question 5

What is meant by sampling frequency?

Accepted Answer

The number of samples taken per second (measured in Hz).

Question 6

What happens if you increase the sampling frequency?

Accepted Answer

The quality improves, but the file size increases.

Question 7

What is a typical sampling rate for audio CDs?

Accepted Answer

44 kHz (44,000 samples per second).

Question 8

Define sample resolution (bit depth).

Accepted Answer

The number of bits used per sample, affecting sound quality and file size.

Question 9

What is a pixel?

Accepted Answer

The smallest element of a bitmap image, storing colour information.

Question 10

What determines the colour depth of an image?

Accepted Answer

The number of bits used per pixel.

Question 11

Which image type scales without losing quality?

Accepted Answer

Vector graphics.

Question 12

What does a codec do?

Accepted Answer

Decodes or encodes video/audio files so they can be played or stored.

Question 13

What is lossy compression?

Accepted Answer

Reduces file size by discarding some data (e.g., JPEG, MP3).

Question 14

What is lossless compression?

Accepted Answer

Reduces file size without losing data (e.g., ZIP, PNG).

Question 15

Which type of storage uses lasers to read data?

Accepted Answer

Optical storage (CD/DVD/Blu-ray).

Question 16

Which storage type uses magnetic fields to store data?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic storage (hard drives, tapes).

Question 17

Which storage type has no moving parts?

Accepted Answer

Solid-state storage (USB sticks, SSDs).

Question 18

State one advantage of solid-state storage.

Accepted Answer

Fast access speeds, low power consumption, portable.

Question 19

State one disadvantage of solid-state storage.

Accepted Answer

Expensive compared with magnetic storage.

Question 20

What is meant by volatile memory?

Accepted Answer

Memory that loses its contents when power is turned off (e.g., RAM).

Question 21

What is meant by non-volatile memory?

Accepted Answer

Memory that retains data even when powered off (e.g., ROM, SSD, HDD).

Question 22

What is a full backup?

Accepted Answer

A copy of all files and folders.

Question 23

What is an incremental backup?

Accepted Answer

Copies only files changed since the last backup.

Question 24

What is a differential backup?

Accepted Answer

Copies all changes since the last full backup.

Question 25

What does RAID storage provide?

Accepted Answer

Data protection/redundancy using multiple drives.

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