A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. From roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century followed by this movement spreading into the Northern Europe during 1400-1600

a person who provides financial support for the arts

This city was once of hot spots of Renaissance culture in the 1400s

Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli

Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

An indifference to religion and a belief that religion should be excluded from civic affairs and public education.

supported education and the arts, made many business connections in Europe

Rich Florence family that funded artists and artisans

order and pay for a work of art

Rome's greatest public speaker; he argued against dictators and called for a representative government with limited powers

unable to read or write

a place where many writings of the Roman Empire were preserved

Spanish monarch who, along with his wife Queen Isabella of Castille, funded Christopher Columbus's voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, which led to the discovery of the West Indies.

develop, rise from, become known

Understand; find meaning

The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.

Branches of knowledge concerned with human beings and their culture: philosophy, literature, and the fine arts, as distinguished from the sciences

was a true renaissance man, and artist and an inventor. He painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper and had a variety of interests.

An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.

Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance; built first dome over Cathedral of Florence

An Italian author who wrote the book The Courtier in 1528. He described the ideal Renaissance man and woman.

Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means."

A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

three dimensions on a flat surface

A painting by Leonardo da Vinci of a woman with a mysterious smile. It is now of the most readily recognized paintings in the world.

A Passover meal which literally became the last meal taken by Christ with his apostles, the night before his Passion. Through this meal, Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist and the priesthood.

painting with water colors on wet plaster to create wall murals

A Catholic church in Vatican City, Italy. Its ceiling was painted by the Renaissance artist Michelangelo.

A sculpture made by Michelangelo that symbolized the return of humanism

A sculpture by Michelangelo, depicting the Virgin Mary holding Jesus' dead body

Part of the painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Rome, which shows God giving life to Adam.

a fresco by the artist, Raphael. It depicts Plato and Aristotle surrounded by the great scientists and philosopher of antiquity.

Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

Created the doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence for which he is best known. These doors are known as the Gates of Paradise.

Doors for the Florence baptistery created by Lorenzo Ghiberti

designed by Filippo Brunelleschi

Written by Baldassare Castiglione, this was a practical guide for the nobility at the court of Urbino. It embodies the highest ideals of Italian humanism: knowledge of languages and history, athleticism, military skills, musical skills, and chivalry.

A book wrote by Niccolo Machiavelli in 1513 about the imperfect conduct of humans and says how a ruler is able to keep power and manage to keep it disregarding enemies.

Niccolo Machiavelli

Italian painter and art historian (1511-1574); wrote The Lives of the Artists. Massive patronage of the arts came from this and was lead by families like the Medici's and also the churches, who saw art as a means of glorifying God.

written by Giorgio Vasari to discuss the most important Italian artists of the Renaissance

An extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations Germany, Flanders, France, and England; it took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance

German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press

A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.

Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting

German engraver who brought renaissance ideas to northern Europe

A Flemish painter who captured scenes from peasant weddings, dances, harvests; painted proverbs that taught morals; portrayed large numbers of people; used vivid details and rich colors

is the most famous Baroque artist who studied Michelangelo in Italy and took that Renaissance style to the next level of drama, motion, color, religion and animation, which is portrayed in his paintings

Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling. (Knight Death, and Devil; Four Apostles)

Best known of all the Christian humanists

Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs.

Former monk. French humanist, wrote the comic masterpieces Gargantua and Pantagruel, stories contained gross humor.

English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.

First book produced by Gutenberg around 1455.

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule.

Albrecht Durer's nickname

Albrecht Durer, Oil on panel, 1500, Munich, Germany

a thriving trading region where the northern Renaissance began

Successful and wealthy

Art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints

a fictional work by Sir Thomas More where people were humble, thrifty, kind, generous, hardworking, simple, and equal in social standing

Rabelais wrote a folk epic and comic masterpiece that satirized French society and attacked clerical education and monastic orders; championed secular learning

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

Built in 1599, this is a famous theater in London where many of William Shakespeare's best-known plays were first performed

flows through the center of England and through London

Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and King Lear

The Comedy of Errors, A Midsummer's Night Dream, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, And Much Ado About Nothing

Richard 3, Henry 4 parts one and two, Henry 5

consists of three stanzas called quatrains followed by a concluding stanza called the couplet

Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It spit the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches, among many others.

Pieter Brueghel

Jan van Eyck