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Q 1/89
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Capitalism, championed by Adam Smith, requires the ownership of _______ ________ which Enlightenment thinkers believed was a natural right to be protected by government.
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private property
Q 2/89
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Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and believed in ____ markets and the invisible hand to guide prices based on ______ and _____.
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free, supply, demand
89 questions
Q.
Capitalism, championed by Adam Smith, requires the ownership of _______ ________ which Enlightenment thinkers believed was a natural right to be protected by government.
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Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and believed in ____ markets and the invisible hand to guide prices based on ______ and _____.
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Universal rules that are discoverable with logic and reason
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English scientist that developed the theory of gravity, laws of motion, and the foundations of calculus
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The Scientific Revolution undermined the literal interpretation of the
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Authorities on science before the scientific revolution were
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Church court set up during the Middle Ages that used torture and execution to end heresy
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An English scientist that helped establish the scientific method and stressed experimentation and systematic observation
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A step-by-step process of discovery developed to systematically observe, collect, analyze and report results
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The study of the body and how it functions
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Theory proposed by Ancient Greek, Ptolemy, that Earth is the center of the solar system or the universe.
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Organization created with the support of the kings of Europe in an effort to promote the cooperation and sharing of scientific ideas
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Astronomer who supported the heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the universe and was condemned by the Church for heresy
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Major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700, in which modern science focused on experimentation, observation, and discovery, based on logic and reason to gain knowledge about the natural world
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A French scientist that helped establish the scientific method and emphasized human reasoning (systematic observation and deductive reasoning) to reach understanding
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Theory proposed by Copernicus that SUN is the center of the solar system or the universe.
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Astronomer who challenged the geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the universe by creating a heliocentric (Sun-centered) version
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Belief in reason and logic as the primary paths to knowledge
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Holding a belief that is at odds with the generally accepted belief system, especially the church
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According to Enlightenment philosophers, government decisions should be based on...
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A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.
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An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed as long as their government protects natural rights
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According to Enlightenment philosophers, the power of the government comes from the _______ __ ___ _________. (the people)
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Common people began to see themselves as able to take part in their own government through voting rights or ________ rights
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Both the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment stressed the value of..
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Some established European absolute monarchies attempted to make reforms influenced by the Enlightenment ________.
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Locke believed government's main purpose was to protect its citizens' _______ ______ of life, liberty, and property.
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The Enlightenment challenged the ______ _____ __ _____, or king's right to rule based on the idea that his authority comes from God.
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At the time of the Enlightenment, European countries applied a policy called ___________________ in which countries used their colonies to make money and forced strict trade regulations.
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French philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau stressed their dissatisfaction with the __________ in France because of its absolute monarchy.
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To protect liberty, Montesquieu believed government power should be divided into separate ________.
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The Enlightenment encouraged people to rebel in the American Colonies and France and set up _______________________ ____________ governments.
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Adam Smith argued for laissez-faire economics. This meant, "HANDS OFF" policy in which the government removed regulations and allowed free trade and protected the ______ of citizens to make decisions about their economic freedom and _________.
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Oath made by members of the Third Estate who became the National Assembly in France promising to meet until they had written a new constitution
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After the National Assembly ended the ancien regime (3 Estates/absolute monarchy of Louis XVI) France became a constitutional monarchy. After the execution of King Louis XVI, France became a self-governed ________________.
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1st Estate- church, 2nd Estate- nobility (aristocracy), 3rd Estate- commoners from peasants to bourgeoisie
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Under this reform to the law codes made by Napoleon, all men were considered equal
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Both France and the United States wrote these documents to set up a PLAN of government which protected individual rights. France ended up writing at least 3
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Under the Estate System in France, which estate paid the most taxes?
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According to Enlightenment thinkers, if government does not meet the needs of the people it can be altered or _________.
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Because many governments failed to protect the natural ______ of the people. They were overthrown through revolutions.
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The main reason Creoles (educated, wealthy Latin American colonists NOT born in Spain) led revolutions in South America was because the class structure there was...
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All men are created equal. All men are born with natural rights. If a government does not protect natural rights, the people may overthrow it and create a new government are all ideas of this Enlightenment philosopher.
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Revolutions removed the influence of most monarchs and allowed new republics to be self-________________.
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Under what circumstances can the people institute a new government according to Locke?
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Eventually, the French under the National Convention chose to end the Constitutional Monarchy because of the king's treason and create a...
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A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.
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2 institutions that DID NOT want the spread of Enlightenment ideas
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Use to justify Imperialism, the theory that societies achieve success or dominance because of their superiority.
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A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
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African people lost this when European nations conquered them.
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Western nations believed one task in civilizing natives was to change their religious beliefs by converting them to ___________.
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Before Africa was imperialized, local authorities were often _____. The imperialism of Africa weakened these authorities. Boundaries were based on European claims.
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Idea that European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized
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During the Scramble for Africa among European powers, cultural and ethnic differences among the people when creating boundaries were _______. Rival groups were pushed together and some groups were broken up.
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One reason Europeans were able to dominate other cultures was there superior military _______.
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Europeans ___________ (took advantage of) both labor and resources of Africa and Asia.
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Western missionaries often treated natives as though they were in need of guidance like ________.
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These conflicts forced an increase in Western trade and influence in Asia/China
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an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority
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Europeans ___________ colonies by improving roads and bridges and building railroads, telegraphs etc. to get natural resources.
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To avoid war with each other over African territory, European countries met here to decide how to divide up Africa (Africans not invited)
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New _______ to sell manufactured goods is an economic reason Europeans began Imperialism
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In order to ______ their power throughout the world, European powers added colonies with military bases.
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European countries sometimes allowed colonial natives to rule under their influence. This caused less revolts/rebellions.
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Western countries wanted to set up colonies and territories throughout the world to increase their ______ and _____.
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1. Africans lost political (gov.'t) independence
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See image
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The political cartoon shows? BE SPECIFIC. Extended Response
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An increase in the percentage and in the number of people moving from rural to urban areas.
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Less workers needed on farms due to advances in farming technology, availability of jobs in cities, development of factories
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Before factories, production of goods and services occured in households. This was called the
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Improvement in farming techniques and better _______ _____ eventually led to increased life expectancy
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Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.
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flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water powered-loom, were all inventions that sped the production of...
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As farming techniques became more modern, the need for farm workers
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Over time, the Industrial Revolution led to a higher ________ __ ______ for Britain and the United States. More people could afford more goods and services.
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Canals ran black, soot filled the air, black smoke came from factory chimneys. These conditions describe _________ during the Industrial Revolution.
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New technology, water heated by coal, became most important source of power during the 2nd part of Industrial Revolution
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Worked outside the home in coal mines and factories, made less pay than men, but more than children, worked 12 or more hours a day,
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First factory industry; led to the creation of factories
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Steam power led to a revolution in transportation using both steamships and locomotives. This led to the creation of _______________ to quickly transport people and industrial materials by rail.
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Could be paid less than men to do factory work
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Reasons for population explosion included people living longer due to medical advances and a higher quality ____ ______ due to improved farming technology
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The belief that only the fittest survive in human society and business
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Better pay, better working conditions, and shorter work hours along with ending child labor were all goals of _____ _______.