Capitalism, championed by Adam Smith, requires the ownership of _______ ________ which Enlightenment thinkers believed was a natural right to be protected by government.

Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and believed in ____ markets and the invisible hand to guide prices based on ______ and _____.

Universal rules that are discoverable with logic and reason

English scientist that developed the theory of gravity, laws of motion, and the foundations of calculus

The Scientific Revolution undermined the literal interpretation of the

Authorities on science before the scientific revolution were

Church court set up during the Middle Ages that used torture and execution to end heresy

An English scientist that helped establish the scientific method and stressed experimentation and systematic observation

A step-by-step process of discovery developed to systematically observe, collect, analyze and report results

The study of the body and how it functions

Theory proposed by Ancient Greek, Ptolemy, that Earth is the center of the solar system or the universe.

Organization created with the support of the kings of Europe in an effort to promote the cooperation and sharing of scientific ideas

Astronomer who supported the heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the universe and was condemned by the Church for heresy

Major shift in thinking between 1500 and 1700, in which modern science focused on experimentation, observation, and discovery, based on logic and reason to gain knowledge about the natural world

A French scientist that helped establish the scientific method and emphasized human reasoning (systematic observation and deductive reasoning) to reach understanding

Theory proposed by Copernicus that SUN is the center of the solar system or the universe.

Astronomer who challenged the geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the universe by creating a heliocentric (Sun-centered) version

Belief in reason and logic as the primary paths to knowledge

Holding a belief that is at odds with the generally accepted belief system, especially the church

According to Enlightenment philosophers, government decisions should be based on...

A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.

An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed as long as their government protects natural rights

According to Enlightenment philosophers, the power of the government comes from the _______ __ ___ _________. (the people)

Common people began to see themselves as able to take part in their own government through voting rights or ________ rights

Both the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment stressed the value of..

Some established European absolute monarchies attempted to make reforms influenced by the Enlightenment ________.

Locke believed government's main purpose was to protect its citizens' _______ ______ of life, liberty, and property.

The Enlightenment challenged the ______ _____ __ _____, or king's right to rule based on the idea that his authority comes from God.

At the time of the Enlightenment, European countries applied a policy called ___________________ in which countries used their colonies to make money and forced strict trade regulations.

French philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau stressed their dissatisfaction with the __________ in France because of its absolute monarchy.

To protect liberty, Montesquieu believed government power should be divided into separate ________.

The Enlightenment encouraged people to rebel in the American Colonies and France and set up _______________________ ____________ governments.

Adam Smith argued for laissez-faire economics. This meant, "HANDS OFF" policy in which the government removed regulations and allowed free trade and protected the ______ of citizens to make decisions about their economic freedom and _________.

Oath made by members of the Third Estate who became the National Assembly in France promising to meet until they had written a new constitution

After the National Assembly ended the ancien regime (3 Estates/absolute monarchy of Louis XVI) France became a constitutional monarchy. After the execution of King Louis XVI, France became a self-governed ________________.

1st Estate- church, 2nd Estate- nobility (aristocracy), 3rd Estate- commoners from peasants to bourgeoisie

Under this reform to the law codes made by Napoleon, all men were considered equal

Both France and the United States wrote these documents to set up a PLAN of government which protected individual rights. France ended up writing at least 3

Under the Estate System in France, which estate paid the most taxes?

According to Enlightenment thinkers, if government does not meet the needs of the people it can be altered or _________.

Because many governments failed to protect the natural ______ of the people. They were overthrown through revolutions.

The main reason Creoles (educated, wealthy Latin American colonists NOT born in Spain) led revolutions in South America was because the class structure there was...

All men are created equal. All men are born with natural rights. If a government does not protect natural rights, the people may overthrow it and create a new government are all ideas of this Enlightenment philosopher.

Revolutions removed the influence of most monarchs and allowed new republics to be self-________________.

Under what circumstances can the people institute a new government according to Locke?

Eventually, the French under the National Convention chose to end the Constitutional Monarchy because of the king's treason and create a...

A form of government, usually hereditary monarchy, in which the ruler has no legal limits on his or her power.

2 institutions that DID NOT want the spread of Enlightenment ideas

Use to justify Imperialism, the theory that societies achieve success or dominance because of their superiority.

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

African people lost this when European nations conquered them.

Western nations believed one task in civilizing natives was to change their religious beliefs by converting them to ___________.

Before Africa was imperialized, local authorities were often _____. The imperialism of Africa weakened these authorities. Boundaries were based on European claims.

Idea that European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized

During the Scramble for Africa among European powers, cultural and ethnic differences among the people when creating boundaries were _______. Rival groups were pushed together and some groups were broken up.

One reason Europeans were able to dominate other cultures was there superior military _______.

Europeans ___________ (took advantage of) both labor and resources of Africa and Asia.

Western missionaries often treated natives as though they were in need of guidance like ________.

These conflicts forced an increase in Western trade and influence in Asia/China

an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

Europeans ___________ colonies by improving roads and bridges and building railroads, telegraphs etc. to get natural resources.

To avoid war with each other over African territory, European countries met here to decide how to divide up Africa (Africans not invited)

New _______ to sell manufactured goods is an economic reason Europeans began Imperialism

In order to ______ their power throughout the world, European powers added colonies with military bases.

European countries sometimes allowed colonial natives to rule under their influence. This caused less revolts/rebellions.

Western countries wanted to set up colonies and territories throughout the world to increase their ______ and _____.

1. Africans lost political (gov.'t) independence

See image

See image

See image

See image

The political cartoon shows? BE SPECIFIC. Extended Response

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people moving from rural to urban areas.

Less workers needed on farms due to advances in farming technology, availability of jobs in cities, development of factories

Before factories, production of goods and services occured in households. This was called the

Improvement in farming techniques and better _______ _____ eventually led to increased life expectancy

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water powered-loom, were all inventions that sped the production of...

As farming techniques became more modern, the need for farm workers

Over time, the Industrial Revolution led to a higher ________ __ ______ for Britain and the United States. More people could afford more goods and services.

Canals ran black, soot filled the air, black smoke came from factory chimneys. These conditions describe _________ during the Industrial Revolution.

New technology, water heated by coal, became most important source of power during the 2nd part of Industrial Revolution

Worked outside the home in coal mines and factories, made less pay than men, but more than children, worked 12 or more hours a day,

First factory industry; led to the creation of factories

Steam power led to a revolution in transportation using both steamships and locomotives. This led to the creation of _______________ to quickly transport people and industrial materials by rail.

Could be paid less than men to do factory work

Reasons for population explosion included people living longer due to medical advances and a higher quality ____ ______ due to improved farming technology

The belief that only the fittest survive in human society and business

Better pay, better working conditions, and shorter work hours along with ending child labor were all goals of _____ _______.