WS Ch. 12 Terms

(Francois-Marie Arouet) French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance.

The first class of French society made up of the high ranking clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.

The second class of French society made up of the nobility and aristocracy

98% of the population of France; made up of the middle class, townsmen, artisans, and peasants

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France; required to vote on certain issues like taxes

King of France during the French Revolution, is executed by the guillotine

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform ; she was guillotined along with her husband

Third Estate when it left the Estates General and declaration that it was the only true govt. in France

French Revolution document that outlined what the National Assembly considered to be the natural rights of all people and the rights that they possessed as citizens

Powerful group, led by Robespierre, set up to defeat all enemies of the revolution; became the absolute authority governing revolutionary France

during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty"

Five man group. Passed a new French constitution in 1795 that was much more conservative. Corrupt and did not help the poor, but remained in power because of military strength.

Replaced the Directory as one of three consuls, but quickly rose to be the sole ruler of France

This title, given to Napoleon Bonaparte, made him dictator of France and was used until he declared himself to be the Emperor

Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte