XHLT 1401 Final Exam
Quiz by Ayshea Thornton
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- Q1
What is the value of studying various nursing theories?
学习多种护理理论的价值在于：
To give strict guidelines to nursing practice 为护理实践给出严格的指导
To orient theorizing toward three levels of abstraction: knowing the case, the client, and the person 理论面向3个层面：案例，患者和人
To determine the interrelationships between clinical practice and clinical education 学习了解临床实践和临床教育之间的相互关系
To engage in practice, education, administration and research 运用在实践，学习，管理和研究之中
120s - Q2
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which of the following is the primary task of a nine-month-old child?
根据埃里克森的社会心理发展理论，一下哪一项是9个月大的幼儿的首要任务？
Developing a sense of self-reliance and adequacy 发展自立的意识
Forming close relationships without losing one's own identity 在不丢失身份标签的情况下形成亲近的关系
Determining that people can be trusted 判断人们是否可以被信赖
Learning the concepts of cause and effect 学到因果的概念
120s - Q3
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, a small number of adults reason at which level of morality?
根据科尔伯格的道德发展理论，一小部分的成年人具有什么样的道德推理水平
Intuitive level of morality 普通道德水平
Conventional level of morality 道德成规期水平
Pre-conventional level of morality 成规前期水平
Post-conventional level of morality 成规后期水平
120s - Q4
At a clinic where she works as a licensed practical nurse, Lana is teaching a 16-year-old client about birth control methods. Which of the following would suggest that the client has reached Piaget's stage of formal operation in her cognitive development?
作为诊所的持证实习护士，Lana正在对一名16岁女孩进行避孕方法的教育。以下哪一项是认为患者达到Piaget的认知发展论中的形式运思期/形式运算阶段
She is able to consider hypothetical situations. 她可以思考假设的情况
She evaluates the actions of others in terms of the effects on her own life. 她会对某些会对她的生活产生影响的行为进行评估
She is able to link the concepts of cause and effect. 她已具有联系因果的概念
She is able to understand written and spoken information equally well. 她有对口述与书写的信息有同样的理解能力
120s - Q5
Hannah, a 14-year-old client, is constantly texting while you are trying to teach her and her mom how to do her dressing. Hannah says that she would rather text with her friends so she does not "miss out on anything" while in the hospital. According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Hannah is currently in which stage?
涵娜，14岁，在医院中，在你教她如何穿衣时不断的发信息。她说她更乐意与她的朋友发信息，这样可以不会错过任何事情。根据埃里克·埃里克森（Erik Erikson）的社会心理发展理论，涵娜处在哪个阶段？
Ego Integrity vs. Despair完美无缺与悲观沮丧
Intimacy vs. Isolation 亲密与孤独
Generativity vs. Stagnation 爱心关怀与颓废迟滞
Identity vs. Role confusion 身份与角色混乱
120s - Q6
Match Carper's fundamental patterns of knowing with the correct definition. 正确匹配卡珀的基本知识模式
Scientific, factual, and objective data used to explain a phenomenon 和科学的，事实和客观数据是用于解释现象的科学数据
Empirical 经验
Ethics 道德
Personal knowing 个人理解
Aesthetics 审美
120s - Q7
Match Carper's fundamental patterns of knowing with the correct definition. 正确匹配卡珀的基本知识模式
Subjective knowledge developed from personal experiences 从个人经验中获得的主观知识
Ethics 道德
Personal knowing 个人理解
Aesthetics 审美
Empirical 经验
120s - Q8
Match Carper's fundamental patterns of knowing with the correct definition. 正确匹配卡珀的基本知识模式
Knowledge that emerges from an interaction between the nurse and the client 护士与患者之间的互动产生的知识
Empirical 经验
Esthetics 审美
Personal knowing 个人理解
Ethics 道德
120s - Q9
Match Carper's fundamental patterns of knowing with the correct definition. 正确匹配卡珀的基本知识模式
The moral knowledge that a nurse possesses; what is right and what is wrong护士具备的道德知识； 对与错
Personal knowing 个人理解
Empirical 经验
Ethics 道德
Esthetics 审美
120s - Q10
How can the practical nurse best demonstrate caring to family members of a terminally ill client? 如何才是最好的为临终患者的家属展示的最好的关怀体现
Suggest appropriate support systems to the family 提议适当的家庭支持系统
Explore how they see their role in caring for the client 探索在护理患者中他们自身所扮演的角色
Provide the family with the proposed plan of care 为家庭提供建议的护理计划
Explain all procedures before they are performed 在开始护理工作前解释每一个工作环节
120s - Q11
Svetlana, a practical nursing student on her clinical rotation, assessed her client for shortness of breath and low oxygen saturation. She did not report these findings to her instructor, nor did she act upon them, which put her client at risk for harm. When debriefing with her instructor, Svetlana recognized that, her failure to analyze the results of her assessment led to this error. How can Svetlana apply the principles of critical thinking to this situation?
Svetlana，临床实践中的实习护士，评估患者为呼吸急促，低血氧饱和度。她没有想导师报告这些情况，也没有对这些情况进行处理，将患者处于风险境地。在之后给导师的汇报中，她意识到对于分析评估的疏忽而导致了错误的发生。Svetlana应该如何在这种情况下使用批判性思维
Discuss the error with both the client and their family for full disclosure and transparency. 与患者和家人讨论这个错误，全面的自我剖析和透明
Make an effort to avoid making errors in the future. 努力今后不再犯错误
Reflect on the mental processes and contextual factors that led to this error.反思心理过程和导致错误发生的其他周围的因素
Go home and study for longer periods each evening. 每天晚上在家花更多的时间学习
120s - Q12
A practical nurse instructor encourages her students to include a learning goal of improving critical thinking into their practice. Which of the following outcomes demonstrates a mastery of this goal?
实习护士导师鼓励他的学生把可以提高批判思维的学习目标带到实际的工作实践之中。在下列结果中哪些可以体现目标的达成
The student will carefully consider the context of situations before intervening. 学生会在开展干预措施前，认真考虑情况中的各种因素
The student will not make errors in clinical practice. 学生在临床实践中不会犯错误
The student will strive to keep an open mind. 学生保持开放的心态
The student will strictly follow all policies and procedures without deviation. 学生严格遵循规则与流程，毫无偏差
120s - Q13
Lucille is a licensed practical nurse on a medicine unit. She has noticed that a number of clients on the unit developed pressure ulcers during their stay. She finds a study that describes a successful intervention that was developed by researchers to decrease the frequency of pressure ulcers in bed-bound clients. Using the steps of evidence-informed practice, what is Lucille's most appropriate action?
露西，药科持证实习护士。她发现科室中的一些患者出现了压疮。她发现曾学过对于长期卧床患者的很见效的干预措施。使用这寻证实践，什么是露西最适当的做法
Ask the nursing educator to assist in implementing the study findings onto the hospital unit. 向教员寻求协助以完成所学内容的实施
Consult with and defer to the most senior nurses on the unit when deciding whether to implement this study. 与科室中资历最深的护士交流咨询，以决定是否采用这种方法
Take a vote, including all member of the interdisciplinary team on the unit, to determine whether to implement the findings of this study. 以包括全体跨学科团队成员在内的投票方式来决定是否采取干预措施
Perform a literature search to see if other evidence sources are consistent for this study. 查阅文献，看是否有其他证据也认同这个学习内容
120s - Q14
Oscar is a licensed practical nurse at an acute care hospital. The hospital has recently changed its policy and procedure on how to triage clients. Use the steps of evidence-informed practice, and determine what action Oscar should take following the implementation of this change?
Oscar是急症护理护士，近期医院调整了对患者的分规则和流程。使用寻证实践的步骤，在改变中她应该做些什么
Ask hospital administrators to provide further guidance. 向医院主管寻求更多的指导帮助
Send a report to all the hospitals in the area informing them that a change has been made. 向该区域内的其他医院发送信息，提醒他们改变的内容
Write an abstract to present this policy and procedure change at local nursing conferences. 写一份变更规则和流程的概要，在区域护理大会上讲述
Evaluate the effects of the change in practice. 评估改变在实践中的效果
120s - Q15
Which step in the process of evidence-informed practice involves thinking about how the patient interacts with the nurse? 在寻证实践的哪一个步骤中，需要思考患者与护士的互动
Adaptation 适应
Synthesis 综合
Framing 构思
Reflection 反思
120s