Question 1

Which of the states of matter can't be compressed?

Accepted Answer

solids and liquids

Answer

gases

Answer

liquids

Answer

solids

Question 2

Which of the states of matter have a fixed shape and volume?

Accepted Answer

solids

Answer

gases

Answer

liquids

Question 3

Which of the states of matter don't have a fixed shape or volume and can be compressed?

Accepted Answer

gases

Answer

liquids

Answer

liquids  and solids

Answer

solids

Question 4

Which of the states of matter have a fixed volume but can flow?

Accepted Answer

liquids

Answer

solids

Answer

liquids  and solids

Answer

gases

Question 5

What is the change in state from gas to liquid called?

Accepted Answer

condensing

Answer

freezing

Answer

melting

Answer

evaporating

Question 6

What is the change in state from solid to liquid called?

Accepted Answer

melting

Answer

condensing

Answer

evaporating

Answer

freezing

Question 7

What is the change in state from liquid to solid called?

Accepted Answer

freezing

Answer

evaporating

Answer

condensing

Answer

melting

Question 8

What is the change in state from liquid to gas called?

Accepted Answer

evaporating

Answer

melting

Answer

condensing

Answer

freezing

Question 9

When you increase the temperature of a substance what do the particles gain?

Accepted Answer

kinetic energy

Answer

energy

Question 10

What does vaporise mean?

Accepted Answer

liquid to gas

Answer

gas to liquid

Question 11

What is evaporating?

Accepted Answer

Only particles from the surface of the liquid escape and vaporise. Happens at any temperature

Answer

When particles throughout the liquid gain energy to vaporise, only happens at a particular temperature (boiling point)

Question 12

What is boiling?

Accepted Answer

When particles throughout the liquid gain energy to vaporise, only happens at a particular temperature (boiling point)

Answer

Only particles from the surface of the liquid escape and vaporise. Happens at any temperature

Question 13

Which of the states of matter have the least energy?

Accepted Answer

solid

Answer

gas

Answer

liquid

Question 14

Which of the states of matter have the most energy?

Accepted Answer

gas

Answer

liquid

Answer

solid

Question 15

What does temperature mean?

Accepted Answer

The average kinetic energy particles in a substance has

Answer

how hot a substance is

Question 16

What happens to the temperature of a substance whilst it is melting or boiling?

Accepted Answer

The temperature stays the same because the energy is being used to break bonds between particles so that the substance can melt/boil

Answer

The particles gain more kinetic energy and so the temperature rises.

Question 17

What are the limitations of the particle model?

Accepted Answer

The particles are shown to be made of solid spheres with no forces between them

Answer

The particles are drawn too small

Question 18

On a heating or cooling curve, how can you tell when a substance is boiling?

Accepted Answer

It is the second flat horizontal line because the temperature stays constant while a substance is changing state.

Answer

It is the first flat horizontal line because the temperature stays constant while a substance is changing state.

Question 19

On a heating or cooling curve, how can you tell when a substance is melting?

Accepted Answer

It is the first flat horizontal line because the temperature stays constant while a substance is changing state.

Answer

It is the second flat horizontal line because the temperature stays constant while a substance is changing state.

Question 20

What is the state of a substance above its boiling point?

Accepted Answer

gas

Answer

solid

Answer

liquid

Question 21

What is the state of a substance below its melting point?

Accepted Answer

solid

Answer

liquid

Answer

gas

Question 22

What is the state of a substance between its melting point and boiling point?

Accepted Answer

liquid

Answer

solid

Answer

gas

Question 23

What is an ion?

Accepted Answer

A charged atom, it has gained or lost electron(/s)

Answer

A charged particle, it has gained or lost an electron

Question 24

Which charged ions do non metals form?

Accepted Answer

They form negative ions as they GAIN electrons

Answer

They form positive ions as they LOSE electrons

Question 25

Which charged ions do metals form?

Accepted Answer

They form positive ions as they LOSE electrons

Answer

They form negative ions as they GAIN electrons

Question 26

Why do atoms form negatively charged ions when they gain electrons?

Accepted Answer

They now have more negatively charged electrons than protons

Answer

They now have more positively charged protons than electrons

Question 27

Why do atoms form positively charged ions when they lose electrons?

Accepted Answer

They now have more positively charged protons than electrons

Answer

They now have more negatively charged electrons than protons

Question 28

Which type of bonding is between non metals and non metals?

Accepted Answer

covalent bonding

Answer

ionic bonding

Answer

metallic bonding

Question 29

Which type of bonding is between metals and metals?

Accepted Answer

metallic bonding

Answer

ionic bonding

Answer

covalent bonding

Question 30

Which type of bonding is between metals and non metals?

Accepted Answer

ionic bonding

Answer

metallic bonding

Answer

covalent bonding

Question 31

What does metallic bonding consist of?

Accepted Answer

A giant lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised outer electrons

Answer

The sharing of electrons. No charged ions

Answer

The transfer of electrons, the metal loses electrons and the non metal gains them.

Question 32

What does ionic bonding consist of?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons, the metal loses electrons and the non metal gains them.

Answer

The sharing

Question 33

What does ionic bonding consist of?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of electrons, the metal loses electrons and the non metal gains them.

Answer

The sharing of electrons. No charged ions

Answer

A giant lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised outer electrons

Question 34

What does covalent bonding consist of?

Accepted Answer

The sharing of electrons. No charged ions

Answer

A giant lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised outer electrons

Answer

The transfer of electrons, the metal loses electrons and the non metal gains them.

Question 35

How to tell which charge ion a non metal forms?

Accepted Answer

8 subtract the group number with a negative charge. E.g. group 5 atoms form -3 charge

Answer

The group number with a positive charge. E.g. group 2 atoms form +2 charge

Question 36

How to tell which charge ion a metal forms?

Accepted Answer

The group number with a positive charge. E.g. group 2 atoms form +2 charge

Answer

8 subtract the group number with a negative charge. E.g. group 5 atoms form -3 charge

Question 37

Why do substances react?

Accepted Answer

They want a full outer shell so that they are stable.

Answer

They are reactive.

Question 38

Describe the structure of metals

Accepted Answer

They lose their outer electrons and form a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a 'sea' of free delocalised electrons.

Answer

Giant structures where huge numbers of atoms are held together by a network of covalent bonds.

Answer

The atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell.

Answer

A giant lattice is formed from oppositely charged ions. These ions have very strong electrostatic forces between them acting in all directions.

Question 39

Describe the structure of ionic compounds.

Accepted Answer

A giant lattice is formed from oppositely charged ions. These ions have very strong electrostatic forces between them acting in all directions.

Answer

They lose their outer electrons and form a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a 'sea' of free delocalised electrons.

Answer

The atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell.

Question 40

Describe the structure of simple covalent compounds.

Accepted Answer

The atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell.

Answer

Giant structures where huge numbers of atoms are held together by a network of covalent bonds.

Answer

They lose their outer electrons and form a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a 'sea' of free delocalised electrons.

Answer

A giant lattice is formed from oppositely charged ions. These ions have very strong electrostatic forces between them acting in all directions.

Question 41

Describe the structure of macromolecules (giant covalent structures).

Accepted Answer

Giant structures where huge numbers of atoms are held together by a network of covalent bonds.

Answer

They lose their outer electrons and form a lattice of positively charged ions surrounded by a 'sea' of free delocalised electrons.

Answer

The atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell.

Answer

A giant lattice is formed from oppositely charged ions. These ions have very strong electrostatic forces between them acting in all directions.

Question 42

What are the properties of metallic substances?

Accepted Answer

Malleable and ductile (the rows of positively charged ions can slide over each other), can conduct electricity, high melting and boiling points

Answer

High melting points and boiling points due to the large amount of energy required to break the electrostatic bonds, cannot conduct electricity as a solid but can as a liquid, brittle, most will dissolve in water.

Answer

Low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, do not conduct electricity, mostly do not dissolve in water

Answer

High melting and boiling points due to the numerous strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to break to change state. Generally do not conduct electricity, strong.

Question 43

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

High melting points and boiling points due to the large amount of energy required to break the electrostatic bonds, cannot conduct electricity as a solid but can as a liquid, brittle, most will dissolve in water.

Answer

Malleable, ductile, can conduct electricity, high melting and boiling points

Answer

Low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, do not conduct electricity, mostly do not dissolve in water

Answer

High melting and boiling points due to the numerous strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to break to change state. Generally do not conduct electricity, strong.

Question 44

What are the properties of simple covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

Low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, do not conduct electricity, mostly do not dissolve in water

Answer

High melting points and boiling points due to the large amount of energy required to break the electrostatic bonds, cannot conduct electricity as a solid but can as a liquid, brittle, most will dissolve in water.

Answer

Malleable, ductile, can conduct electricity, high melting and boiling points

Answer

High melting and boiling points due to the numerous strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to break to change state. Generally do not conduct electricity, strong.

Question 45

What are the properties of giant covalent compounds?

Accepted Answer

High melting and boiling points due to the numerous strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to break to change state. Generally do not conduct electricity, strong.

Answer

Low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces between the molecules, do not conduct electricity, mostly do not dissolve in water

Answer

High melting points and boiling points due to the large amount of energy required to break the electrostatic bonds, cannot conduct electricity as a solid but can as a liquid, brittle, most will dissolve in water.

Answer

Malleable, ductile, can conduct electricity, high melting and boiling points

Question 46

What are intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

The weak forces BETWEEN  molecules.

Answer

The covalent bonds between atoms WITHIN molecules.

Question 47

What is a monomer?

Accepted Answer

A simple repeating unit

Answer

A long chain made up of many small reactive molecules that bond to each other.

Question 48

What is a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A long chain made up of many small reactive molecules that bond to each other.

Answer

A simple repeating unit

Question 49

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity as a liquid/in solution?

Accepted Answer

As a liquid/in solution the ions are free to move and carry charge. As a solid the ions are not free to move.

Answer

As a liquid/in solution the ions aren't free to move and carry charge. As a solid the ions are free to move.

Question 50

Why can covalent compounds not conduct electricity?

Accepted Answer

They have no charged particles to move and carry charge.

Answer

They have charged particles to move and carry charge.

Question 51

Describe the structure and properties of graphene.

Accepted Answer

A single layer of graphite. Very tough with high tensile strength. Can conduct electricity and heat very well. Low density only one atom thick

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings. Layers of hexagonal rings have weak intermolecular forces between them. Delocalised electrons exist due to the carbon not making four bonds. Soft, slippery (layers can slide over each other) and can conduct electricity.

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to four other carbon atoms. Hard and strong, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in water

Answer

Each silicon atom is bonded covalently to two other oxygen atoms. High melting and boiling points, insoluble in water, does not conduct electricity.

Question 52

Describe the structure and properties of diamond.

Accepted Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to four other carbon atoms. Hard and strong, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in water

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings. Layers of hexagonal rings have weak intermolecular forces between them. Delocalised electrons exist due to the carbon not making four bonds. Soft, slippery (layers can slide over each other) and can conduct electricity.

Answer

Each silicon atom is bonded covalently to two other oxygen atoms. High melting and boiling points, insoluble in water, does not conduct electricity.

Question 53

Describe the structure and properties of silicon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

Each silicon atom is bonded covalently to two other oxygen atoms. High melting and boiling points, insoluble in water, does not conduct electricity.

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to four other carbon atoms. Hard and strong, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in water

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings. Layers of hexagonal rings have weak intermolecular forces between them. Delocalised electrons exist due to the carbon not making four bonds. Soft, slippery (layers can slide over each other) and can conduct electricity.

Question 54

Describe the structure and properties of graphite.

Accepted Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to three other carbon atoms forming hexagonal rings. Layers of hexagonal rings have weak intermolecular forces between them. Delocalised electrons exist due to the carbon not making four bonds. Soft, slippery (layers can slide over each other) and can conduct electricity.

Answer

Each carbon atom is bonded covalently to four other carbon atoms. Hard and strong, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in water

Answer

A single layer of graphite.

Answer

Each silicon atom is bonded covalently to two other oxygen atoms. High melting and boiling points, insoluble in water, does not conduct electricity.

Question 55

What is it called when carbon atoms form structures which are hollow such as spheres, cones and tubes?

Accepted Answer

Fullerenes

Answer

Bucky balls

Question 56

What are the useful properties of fullerenes?

Accepted Answer

High tensile strength, high electrical and thermal conductivity, can be used for drug delivery, catalysts and  lubricants

Answer

Very strong, dense and hard.

Question 57

What is an alloy?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.

Answer

A mixture of compounds.

Question 58

Why are pure metals malleable and ductile?

Accepted Answer

The regular rows can slide over each other easily.

Answer

The regular rows can't slide over each other easily.

Question 59

Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?

Accepted Answer

Due to more than one element being present (which are different sizes) the regular rows are disrupted making it harder for the rows to slip over each other and so are stronger than pure metals.

Answer

The rows are regular which can slide over each other making them stronger.

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