Magellan had no idea how vast the Pacific Ocean was and while the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food, nearly_________________________ to death. One sailor wrote about the terrible time. “We ate biscuit . . . swarming with worms. . . . We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days . . . and often we ate sawdust from boards.”

Europeans of this time had several ___________________ for exploring the world such as finding gold, achieving glory, and sharing their faith (religion).

Advances in knowledge and technology helped to make the ________________________ a period of European exploration and discovery that lasted from about 1418 to 1620.

In the early 1400s , one key advance was in __________________ the art and science of mapmaking.

During the 1500s, Portugal also began to establish _________________, a territory, under the political and economic control of another country, in Brazil.

The Spanish carried diseases that caused deadly ____________________ an outbreak of a contagious disease which spread quickly and over a wide geographic area, among the Aztecs.

Exploration and trade contributed to the growth of _______________________ an economic system based on investment of money for profit.

If the supply of an item was large and few people wanted it, sellers lowered the price and this kind of system, based on supply and demand, is called a ________________ ______________, an economy in which prices are determined by the buying and selling decisions of individuals in the marketplace.

Merchants hired people to work from their own cottages, turning raw materials from overseas into finished products and this growing ________________ ________________, a small-scale business in which people produce goods at home, was especially important in the manufacture of textiles.

A final result of exploration was a new economic policy called ____________________, an economic policy by which nations try to gather wealth by establishing colonies and controlling trade.

something that has been done or achieved through effort: a result of hard work

satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity

the science or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, & livestock

sail all around, especially the world; go around or across something

a leader in the Spanish conquests of America, Mexico, and Peru in the 16th century

a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire

a journey especially by a group of people for a specific purpose

an area of study that deals with the location of countries, cities, rivers, mountains, lakes, etc.

to have a strong effect on someone or something

the status of belonging to a particular nation, whether by birth or naturalization: the nationality of an immigrant

instruments or tools used to guide a ship in any direction such as an astrolabe or compass rose

something that obstructs or hinders progress

an area of land that has common features and can be defined by natural or artificial feature (Ex: language, government, or religion)

an area of land that belongs to or is controlled by a government

This Portuguese explorer brought back the first load of spices such as cinnamon and pepper.

This explorer was Italian – born, had his voyage sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, and thought the Indies, or eastern Asia, lay on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. He also discovered an island in the Caribbean Sea and claimed it for Spain.

This Portuguese explorer had a fleet of 13 ships, sailed so far west that he reached the east coast of present-day Brazil, and claimed it for Portugal.

This Portuguese explorer’s crew sailed to the Spice Islands after he was killed visiting the Philippines, then his crew of 18 sailors were the first people to circumnavigate the Earth.