rock that is created by cooling lava on Earth's surface (extrusive) or magma that cools or solidifies in the crust of Earth (intrusive)

rocks that form without melting, when pre-existing rocks experience high heat, pressure, or react with fluids

rocks that form from the deposition and accumulation of pieces of pre-existing rock, chemical precipitates, and parts of once-living organisms

a process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains

the process that occurs when the weight from layers of sediment above forces out fluids and decreases the space between grains

the process that moves large bodies of Earth materials to higher elevations

the mechanical and chemical processes that change Earth’s surface over time

when broken down pieces of rocks are transported

when transported sediment accumulates into layers, such as at the bottom of lakes, the ocean, along beaches, or in river valleys

a natural phenomenon marked by gradual changes that lead toward a particular result; a continuing natural or biological activity or function

describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous; explains how the three rock types are related to each other and how processes change from one type to another over time

molten rock that erupts on Earth’s surface

molten rock beneath the surface of Earth

material that forms when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water