A river of South Asia that flows southeast from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal.

Highest mountain range in the world, seperates India from China

This area possessed the biggest network of sea-based trade in the postclassical period prior to the rise of Atlantic-based trade.

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea.

rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains

A large landmass that is smaller than a continent

a large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan

A valley and early civilization along the Indus River, one of the longest rivers in the world.

A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes

helps locate places on a map by using lines to make rows and columns which are numbered or lettered for easy reference

maintaining a clean condition in order to promote hygiene and prevent disease

a network of pipes that disposes of sewage or waste water

pieces of baked clay used for building

a pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

Priests, at the top of the caste system which the Aryans made

The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system.

farmers, craftspeople, and traders

a person who buys and sells goods

A skilled craftsperson

Caste that made up most of the Indian population; most were peasants and manual laborers; they had limited rights in society

lowest class of people in the caste system of Hinduism, do all the dirty work of society

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

the belief that what a person says or does in life affects his/her fate

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.

Germanic people seen as the master race

A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Founder of Buddhism

The three "baskets," or collections, of Buddhist texts.

as taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

a condition of great peace or happiness

a person who uses the mind creatively

the number system we use today; it was created by Indian scholars during the Gupta dynasty

Substances that when given in liquid or shot form, produce or boost immunity to a specific disease such as measles or mumps.