Different native cultures developed because a variety of environmental conditions existed

People of the Long House. They adapted to their northern New York environment by using trees to build longhouses and animals for food and clothing.

Resulted in the spread of diseases, the African slave trade, and the loss of lands for Native Americans

As a result of Columbus' landing in the Americas, an exchange of goods developed between the western and eastern hemispheres. Unfortunately, Europeans brought diseases to the "new world" which had catastrophic results on native populations

Protected the idea of freedom of press

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Separatists, in 1620. They were fleeing religious persecution.

Was established by Lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes of providing refuge for English Catholics fleeing persecution.

Colony founded by William Penn as a Holy Experiment for Quakers fleeing persecution

first representative government in the colonies and an important step in the development of democracy in America

Characterized by short growing season and rocky soil. Economy focused on trade, fishing, and shipbuilding

Characterized by moderate growing season and navigable rivers. Economy focused on trade and farming

Characterized by long growing season, tidewater area, and few cities. Economy focused on large plantations farming cotton, tobacco, and rice.

A delegate from Pennsylvania who proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen the colonies. He believed the colonies could not survive, unless they were united

After many conflicts with Native Americans, the British government forbade colonists from going west of the Appalachian Mountains

Americans who supported the British. They were grateful for British rule and protection.

Colonial Americans who banded together against British policies

An American patriot, who said "....give me liberty, or give me death!" He was willing to die rather than submit to what he considered unfair British policies.

law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.; a way the British government was able to raise revenue and control trade. Cause of the American Revolution

Tax on sugar and molasses; a way the British government was able to raise revenue and control trade. Cause of the American Revolution.

Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party. It was another way the British government was able to raise revenue and control trade. Cause of the American Revolution.

A refusal to buy or use goods and services. Patriots refused to buy goods taxed by unpopular acts, in order to cause economic hardships for the British.

Written by Thomas Jefferson. It was written during the American Revolution. It famously states "....We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness...."

The turning point of the American Revolution. It convinced the French to support the Americans

Place of hardship for General Washington's army. During the winter of 1777-1778, many troops died from disease and malnutrition

Held in Philadelphia because the Articles of Confederation were failing and delegates believed a stronger government was necessary

Saved the Constitutional Convention (1787); the issue of congressional representation was solved by a two-house legislature

The official count of the population every 10 years. It affects state representation to the House of Representatives.

Wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution, because they wanted to protect individual freedoms and rights from governmental power

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee Americans freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.

Principle of the constitution that prevents one branch of government from becoming too powerful

Principle of the constitution that ensures power is divided between the states and the national government.

Way the government raises money to provide goods and services to its citizens. Both the US Constitution and the New York Constitution contain provisions allowing the government to tax all citizens.

The first step in removing a president from office. A majority of the House of Representatives must agree to bring formal charges against president.

Allows the Constitution to adapt to changing times

1st President; considered one of the greatest, because he created many important practices (precedents) we still use today

Was purchased from the French by Thomas Jefferson, it doubled the size of the United States

Two explorers sent by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase

The result of Andrew Jackson's effort to remove Native Americans from all lands east of the Mississippi; this forced removal of the Cherokees and resulting deadly journey is a shameful part of American history

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; he helped develop a new method of manufacturing textiles

method of producing goods that brings workers and machines together in one place; the earliest mills were powered by water

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts; which helped develop new methods of manufacturing

Tax on imported goods to protect American businesses; supported by Northern factory owners in the early 1800s

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption. They called for a constitutional amendment to outlaw alcohol

was an important step for the women's rights movement; organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, modeled requests after the Declaration of Independence

Women's rights reformers who fought for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote

Connected the Great Lakes to New York City, by way of the Hudson River. It connected the east and west.

1840s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent, this justified the acquisition of new territories

System of escape routes where volunteers helped runaway slaves escape to freedom

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Considered a cause of Civil War because it convinced many Northerners of the evils of slavery

Considered a cause of Civil War, because it repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and resulted in bloodshed

Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858).

a social scientist who studies the economy; they study rise in prices, unemployment rates, and economic trends such as recession and depression