Held in Philadelphia because the Articles of Confederation were failing and delegates believed a stronger government was necessary

Saved the Constitutional Convention (1787); the issue of congressional representation was solved by a two-house legislature

The official count of the population every 10 years. It affects state representation to the House of Representatives.

Wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution, because they wanted to protect individual freedoms and rights from governmental power

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee Americans freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.

Principle of the constitution that prevents one branch of government from becoming too powerful

Principle of the constitution that ensures power is divided between the states and the national government.

Way the government raises money to provide goods and services to its citizens. Both the US Constitution and the New York Constitution contain provisions allowing the government to tax all citizens.

The first step in removing a president from office. A majority of the House of Representatives must agree to bring formal charges against president.

Allows the Constitution to adapt to changing times

1st President; considered one of the greatest, because he created many important practices (precedents) we still use today

Was purchased from the French by Thomas Jefferson, it doubled the size of the United States

Two explorers sent by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase

The result of Andrew Jackson's effort to remove Native Americans from all lands east of the Mississippi; this forced removal of the Cherokees and resulting deadly journey is a shameful part of American history

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; he helped develop a new method of manufacturing textiles

method of producing goods that brings workers and machines together in one place; the earliest mills were powered by water

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts; which helped develop new methods of manufacturing

Tax on imported goods to protect American businesses; supported by Northern factory owners in the early 1800s

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption. They called for a constitutional amendment to outlaw alcohol

was an important step for the women's rights movement; organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, modeled requests after the Declaration of Independence

Women's rights reformers who fought for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote

Connected the Great Lakes to New York City, by way of the Hudson River. It connected the east and west.

1840s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent, this justified the acquisition of new territories

System of escape routes where volunteers helped runaway slaves escape to freedom

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Considered a cause of Civil War because it convinced many Northerners of the evils of slavery

Considered a cause of Civil War, because it repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and resulted in bloodshed

Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858).

a social scientist who studies the economy; they study rise in prices, unemployment rates, and economic trends such as recession and depression