Question 1

Which organisms do not need oxygen to survive?

Accepted Answer

anaerobes

Answer

humans

Answer

aerobes

Answer

fish

Question 2

What type of inheritance is blood type?

Accepted Answer

multiple alleles

Answer

polygenic inheritance

Answer

recessive genes

Answer

incomplete dominance

Question 3

What term describes the inheritance of cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

recessive genes

Answer

incomplete dominance

Answer

multiple alleles

Answer

polygenic inheritance

Question 4

What is a way of cleaning up an ecosystem using bacteria to break down harmful compounds?

Accepted Answer

bioremediation

Answer

landfill

Answer

toxic waste dumps

Answer

waste storage

Question 5

Which of the following terms describes most bacteria?

Accepted Answer

beneficial

Answer

many-celled

Answer

pathogens

Answer

anaerobic

Question 6

Which of the following is caused by a pathogenic bacterium?

Accepted Answer

strep throat

Answer

cheese

Answer

nitrogen fixation

Answer

an antibiotic

Question 7

Which of the following are located in the nuclei on chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

zygotes

Answer

pedigree

Answer

carbohydrates

Question 8

Which of the following is a use for a Punnett square?

Accepted Answer

to predict the outcome of a cross

Answer

to number the outcome of a cross

Answer

to assure the outcome of a cross

Answer

to dominate the outcome of a cross

Question 9

Which of these organisms are recyclers in the environment?

Accepted Answer

saprophytes

Answer

flagella

Answer

producers

Answer

pathogens

Question 10

What do bacterial cells contain?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

four chromosomes

Answer

nucleus

Answer

mitochondria

Question 11

What is the name of the rod-shaped bacteria?

Accepted Answer

bacilli

Answer

colonies

Answer

spirillum

Answer

cocci

Question 12

What controls traits in organisms?

Accepted Answer

genes

Answer

cell membrane

Answer

cell wall

Answer

Punnett square

Question 13

What separates during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

alleles

Answer

phenotypes

Answer

pedigrees

Answer

proteins

Question 14

What type of inheritance of eye color?

Accepted Answer

polygenic inheritance

Answer

multiple alleles

Answer

recessive genes

Answer

incomplete dominance

Question 15

What is a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

a double rod of condensed chromatin in the nucleus that contains DNA, long strand of DNA coiled tightly (wrapped around) a protein.

Question 16

Heredity is

Accepted Answer

the passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 17

A genotype is-

Accepted Answer

an organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations

Question 18

Dominant-

Accepted Answer

a trait that is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism; represented with a capital letter.

Question 19

phenotype-

Accepted Answer

an organism’s physical appearance or visible trait

Question 20

homozygous-

Accepted Answer

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Question 21

Incomplete Dominance-

Accepted Answer

the offspring of two homozygous parents show an “in-between” phenotype.

Question 22

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces only sperm and egg cells (gametes) and all somatic cells (body cells) reproduce through mitosis.

Question 23

Who is considered the “father” of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 24

DNA consists of a repeating series of .

Accepted Answer

nucleotides

Question 25

What is haploid?

Accepted Answer

“half” the number of chromosomes-23

Question 26

What is the genotype for females?

Accepted Answer

XX

Question 27

What three (3) components make up a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

1. Sugar group

2. Phosphate group

3. Nitrogen bases (4)

Question 28

Which cell process produces ONLY gametes, or sex cells?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 29

What is diploid?

Accepted Answer

"double” the number ofchromosomes-46, or 23 pairs

Question 30

A is any change in a gene or chromosome.

Accepted Answer

genetic mutation

Question 31

What is the name of the process of how bacteria reproduce?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 32

How do bacteria harm us?

Accepted Answer

disease, food or water spoilage, body odor

Question 33

What do flagella do?

Accepted Answer

help a bacteria move

Question 34

What do the prefixes and suffixes often associated with bacteria mean?

a. staphlyo-

b. strepto-

c. coccus-

d. bacillus-

Accepted Answer

a. grows in clusters

b. grows in chains

c. spherical shape

d. bar shape

Question 35

What are the two groups of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Bacteria

Question 36

What are the differences between the two types of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea can survive in harsh environments, often without oxygen, bacteria survive in favorable conditions, usually requiring oxygen

Question 37

What are three of the extreme places that archaea can live?

Accepted Answer

underwater vents, geysers, hot springs

Question 38

What do bacteria and fungi work together to provide for every ecosystem on the planet?

Accepted Answer

they are decomposers and they help clean up the environment

Question 39

What is mutualism?

Accepted Answer

when two different organisms live in close proximity and both receive benefits

Question 40

How can bacteria help the inside of someone body?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria can develop antibiotics, produce insulin, and aid in digestion

Question 41

What is a trait?

Accepted Answer

a characteristic that an organism can pass onto its offspring through its genes.

Answer

that is expressed only when two alleles are present; represented with a lowercase letter.

Answer

is always expressed in the phenotype of an organism; represented with a capital letter

Answer

an organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations

Question 42

What is a hybrid?

Accepted Answer

two different alleles for a trait

Answer

two identical alleles

Answer

a double rod of condensed chromatin

Answer

any trait that is controlled by many alleles

Question 43

Sex-Linked Gene-

Accepted Answer

A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.

Answer

A gene that is carried only on the Y chromosome.

Answer

A gene that is carried only on the X chromosome.

Question 44

Gene-

Accepted Answer

the set of information that controls a trait

Answer

an organism’s genetic makeup

Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material thatcarries information about an organism

Answer

a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for all traits

Question 45

In order to see a recessive trait in an organism’s phenotype, what must be the organism’s genotype?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive (Ex:bb)

Question 46

Genetic engineering is

Accepted Answer

changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new

Question 47

A type of genetic engineering techniques is

Accepted Answer

Artificial selection

Answer

Recessive pea pods

Answer

Fertilization

Answer

Artificial Reproduction

Question 48

What is recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

inserts a segment of DNA from an organism into a bacterium to produce needed substances.

Question 49

What are is one benefit of genetically engineered crops?

Accepted Answer

increased crop production

Question 50

What is selective breeding?

Accepted Answer

relies on natural reproductive processes

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