Question 1

What is the study of matter and its movement?

Accepted Answer

Science

Question 2

The substance of the physical world

Accepted Answer

Matter

Question 3

The process of using one or more of your senses to gather information.

Accepted Answer

observation

Question 4

The process of speculating about objects or events of nature and formulating a sensible explanation

Accepted Answer

hypothesizing

Answer

experimenting

Answer

concluding

Answer

theorizing

Question 5

A way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts determined through experiments

Accepted Answer

theory

Answer

hypothesis

Answer

law

Answer

proposition

Question 6

The ability of a hypothesis to be proven false

Accepted Answer

falsifiability

Answer

empiricism

Answer

reproducibility

Answer

repeatability

Question 7

Match the term with its description.

Question 8

In the engineering design process, what step comes after researching and developing possible solutions to the problem?

Accepted Answer

Choosing a design and making a detailed plan

Answer

Building and testing a prototype

Question 9

In the engineering design process, what step comes after choosing a design and making a detailed plan?

Accepted Answer

Building and testing a prototype

Answer

Choosing a design and making a detailed plan

Question 10

minimum characteristics that a design must have function at all; a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided

Accepted Answer

criteria

Question 11

model of a design that will be used for testing

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 12

Hypotheses are made using what type of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

deductive reasoning

Answer

inductive reasoning

Question 13

A conclusion based on reasoning

Accepted Answer

inference

Answer

consequent

Answer

hypothesis

Answer

proposition

Question 14

A statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion

Accepted Answer

proposition

Answer

consequent

Answer

hypothesis

Answer

inference

Question 15

This is an example of what type of logical statement?

"If there is thunder, then there is a thunderstorm nearby"

Accepted Answer

hypothetical proposition

Answer

affirming the antecedent

Answer

denying the consequent

Answer

method of difference

Question 16

In an if/then statement (hypothetical proposition), what is the "then" part called?

Accepted Answer

consequent

Answer

inference

Answer

prototype

Answer

proposition

Question 17

Is this statement affirming the antecedent or denying the consequent?

"If a substance is a mineral, then it has crystals. The rock pumice is not made of crystals. Therefore, pumice is not a mineral."

Accepted Answer

denying the consequent

Answer

affirming the antecedent

Question 18

A form of logic that goes from specific evidence to a general conclusion

Accepted Answer

inductive reasoning

Answer

deductive reasoning

Question 19

A form of inductive reasoning that involves comparing two situations that are the same except for one factor

Accepted Answer

method of difference

Answer

post hoc fallacy

Answer

denying the consequent

Answer

hypothetical proposition

Question 20

What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

To determine cause and effect

Answer

To determine the independent variable

Answer

To prove a hypothesis wrong

Answer

To evaluate the cost or benefit of a proposition

Question 21

A logical fallacy in which one blames something that has no connection with the problem.

Accepted Answer

post hoc fallacy

Answer

ad hominem fallacy

Answer

ad hoc fallacy

Answer

tu quoque fallacy

Question 22

A scientist performed an experiment multiple times with all factors as close to the same as possible. His results thus hold . . .

Accepted Answer

repeatability

Answer

impermeability

Answer

reproducibility

Answer

inductibility

Question 23

A pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept; can be physical, verbal, etc. . .

Accepted Answer

model

Question 24

Concerning its pH level, most plants grow best in soil that is . . .

Accepted Answer

neutral or slightly acidic

Answer

alkaline

Answer

neutral or slightly alkaline

Answer

very acidic

Question 25

Which of these affects soil color?

Accepted Answer

amount of organic material

Answer

density of soil

Answer

particle size

Answer

pH

Question 26

Nutrient that is essential for cell division and growth and promotes plant maturation

Accepted Answer

phosphorus

Answer

nitrogen

Answer

potassium

Answer

manganese

Question 27

What describes the ability of bedrock to inhibit water from easily passing through?

Accepted Answer

impermeable

Answer

sandy

Answer

acidic

Answer

repeatable

Question 28

The use of science to solve practical problems.

Accepted Answer

technology

Answer

theory

Answer

logic

Answer

hypothesis

Question 29

expresses the degree of acidity or basicity of a substance

Accepted Answer

pH scale

Answer

acid-base scale

Answer

Hp log

Answer

alkaline metric

Question 30

Soil horizon that contains mostly mineral material and less organic material than the horizon above it

Accepted Answer

subsoil

Answer

parent rock

Answer

topsoil

Answer

bedrock

Question 31

the top 5 to 15 cm of soil; horizon of soil that contains the most amount of organic material

Accepted Answer

topsoil

Answer

bedrock

Answer

parent rock

Answer

subsoil

Question 32

Soil material with the smallest and most tightly packed particles

Accepted Answer

clay

Answer

sand

Answer

silt

Answer

loam

Question 33

Potassium's primary functions for plants

Accepted Answer

Promoting general health of the plant; disease-resistance; gives fruit better size&#44; flavor and color

Answer

Essential for cell division and growth; promotes plant maturation; energy transfer

Answer

Stimulates rapid growth of leaves, giving plants a rich green color

Question 34

The type of soil that allows the most air and water into itself

Accepted Answer

sandy soil

Answer

clayey soil

Answer

loamy soil

Answer

silty soil

Question 35

Allows the most rain to run off because it does not absorb the water easily

Accepted Answer

clayey soil

Answer

loamy soil

Answer

sandy soil

Answer

silty soil

Question 36

The type of bacteria that returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen

Accepted Answer

denitrifying bacteria

Answer

nitrifying bacteria

Answer

ammonificating bacteria

Answer

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 37

What is the basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that enters the soil through the action of certain bacteria and the decay of plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

ammonia

Answer

nitrogen dioxide

Answer

nitrate

Answer

nitrogen

Question 38

Collections of water beneath Earth's surface&#44; usually just above the bedrock

Accepted Answer

groundwater

Answer

bays

Answer

rivulets

Answer

straits

Question 39

A layer of either porous rock or gravel-soil mixture that holds water

Accepted Answer

aquifer

Answer

water table

Answer

capillary

Answer

artesia

Question 40

The top surface of the water under the ground

Accepted Answer

water table

Answer

pH line

Answer

hydrologic table

Answer

capillary line

Question 41

used to provide standard names and descriptions of colors of soil

Accepted Answer

Munsell charts

Answer

Linnaeus charts

Answer

Mendelian squares

Answer

Punnett squares

Question 42

Term for a nourishing substance

Accepted Answer

Nutrient

Question 43

the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension

Accepted Answer

capillarity

Answer

density

Answer

impermeability

Answer

elemental

Question 44

How tightly packed the matter in a substance is.

Accepted Answer

density

Answer

volume

Answer

weight

Answer

mass

Question 45

Substance composed of only one type of atom

Accepted Answer

element

Answer

molecule

Answer

compound

Answer

ion

Question 46

Atoms linked together in a group

Accepted Answer

molecule

Answer

ion

Answer

compound

Answer

element

Question 47

the amount of matter in an object

Accepted Answer

mass

Answer

volume

Answer

density

Answer

weight

Question 48

Substances containing two or more types of atoms bonded together

Accepted Answer

compound

Answer

molecule

Answer

element

Answer

ion

Question 49

Soil material derived from living organisms

Accepted Answer

organic material

Answer

minerals

Answer

nitrate

Answer

particles

Question 50

If a soil sample's pH is 9&#44; is it acidic&#44; neutral or basic/alkaline?

Accepted Answer

basic/alkaline

Answer

acidic

Answer

neutral

Question 51

What is the chemical formula for atmospheric nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

NO2

Answer

NO3

Answer

NH3

Answer

NH4+

Question 52

What type of bacteria takes atmospheric nitrogen and converts it to ammonia?

Accepted Answer

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Answer

ammonificating bacteria

Answer

nitrifying bacteria

Answer

denitrifying bacteria

Question 53

What type of bacteria takes ammonia and turns it into nitrogen that plants can use?

Accepted Answer

nitrifying bacteria

Answer

ammonificating bacteria

Answer

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Answer

denitrying bacteria

Question 54

What is the name of the compound of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms(NO₃) bonded together into a source of nitrogen that can be assimilated (absorbed) by plants?

Accepted Answer

nitrate

Answer

nutonium oxide

Answer

sodium-chloride

Answer

nitrogen-dioxide

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