Question 1

The process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature:

Accepted Answer

weathering

Answer

deposition

Answer

erosion

Answer

gullying

Question 2

The type of weathering that occurs due to physical forces such as ice, rapid changes in temperature, grit carried by wind and running water, or plants

Accepted Answer

physical weathering

Answer

exfoliation

Answer

oxidation

Answer

chemical weathering

Question 3

physical weathering that occurs when rainwater or melted ice soaks into tiny cracks in a rock and freezes, splitting the rock

Accepted Answer

ice wedging

Answer

exfoliation

Answer

gullying

Answer

oxidation

Question 4

Would ice wedging be likely to occur in a place where the temperature is always below freezing? Explain why or why not.

Accepted Answer

No; ice wedging requires that water be liquid sometimes so it can flow into the cracks.

Answer

Yes; ice wedging requires constant freezing temperatures to cause the ice to shrink into the spaces of the rock.

Question 5

breaking or peeling away of rock in layers

Accepted Answer

exfoliation

Answer

ice wedging

Answer

gullying

Answer

oxidation

Question 6

rock fragments at the base of a mountain or cliff due to exfoliation

Accepted Answer

talus

Answer

cirque

Answer

load

Answer

till

Question 7

Weathering in which minerals in rocks react chemically with air or water, weakening and even dissolving away the rock; causes a chemical change in the rocks

Accepted Answer

chemical weathering

Answer

oxidation

Answer

physical weathering

Answer

deposition

Question 8

weak acid that is produced when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; takes part in chemical weathering

Accepted Answer

carbonic acid

Answer

carbon monoxide

Answer

polysaccharides

Answer

eolian acid

Question 9

The main agent of chemical weathering

Accepted Answer

water

Answer

wind

Answer

fire

Answer

soil

Question 10

process in which oxygen in air and water reacts with minerals like calcium, magnesium, and iron to form new compounds

Accepted Answer

oxidation

Answer

erosion

Answer

evaporation

Answer

deposition

Question 11

carrying away of rock fragments by wind or running water

Accepted Answer

erosion

Answer

oxidation

Answer

weathering

Answer

deposition

Question 12

The term for when eroded rock fragments are eventually set down in a new location

Accepted Answer

deposition

Answer

erosion

Answer

runoff

Answer

weathering

Question 13

the water from rain that the ground cannot absorb

Accepted Answer

runoff

Answer

till

Answer

outwash

Answer

load

Question 14

the process in which running water carves a channel in the ground that cannot be repaired by ordinary cultivation

Accepted Answer

gullying

Answer

ice wedging

Answer

oxidation

Answer

chemical weathering

Question 15

The two major divides of the United States; the eastern drainage divide and western drainage divide of the Mississippi River drainage basin

Accepted Answer

Eastern Continental Divide and Great Divide

Answer

Karst Divide and Great Divide

Answer

Eastern Continental Divide and Appalachian Divide

Answer

Western Continental Divide and Karst Divide

Question 16

source of a river; where streams flow from the highlands into the source

Accepted Answer

headwaters

Answer

mouth

Answer

drainage system

Answer

sinkhole

Question 17

material carried by a stream

Accepted Answer

load

Answer

till

Answer

outwash

Answer

runoff

Question 18

A relatively large stream and any smaller streams that flow into it&#44; collectively forming the amount of water that flows into a larger body of water

Accepted Answer

drainage system

Answer

tributary

Answer

delta

Answer

headwaters

Question 19

Any of the streams that feed into a river at various points along its course&#44; increasing the amount of water that it carries

Accepted Answer

tributary

Answer

crevasse

Answer

load

Answer

talus

Question 20

Crescent-shaped body of water that is formed when a meander is bypassed and becomes cut off from the rest of the river

Accepted Answer

oxbow lake

Answer

delta

Answer

oxbow river

Answer

alluvial fan

Question 21

fan-shaped or triangular deposit extending from the mouth of a river into the sea

Accepted Answer

delta

Answer

barrier island

Answer

alluvial fan

Answer

breakwater

Question 22

Term for a large cave room

Accepted Answer

cavern

Answer

levee

Answer

sinkhole

Answer

karst region

Question 23

calcium carbonate deposited in a cave by water droplets

Accepted Answer

dripstone

Answer

talus

Answer

sea stack

Answer

crevasse

Question 24

large funnel-shaped depression in the ground caused by the collapse of a cavern

Accepted Answer

sinkhole

Answer

cirque

Answer

karst region

Answer

arête

Question 25

region of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant

Accepted Answer

karst region

Answer

arête

Answer

bar

Answer

crevasse

Question 26

offshore ridge of sand or gravel built by waves and currents

Accepted Answer

bar

Answer

glacier

Answer

barrier island

Answer

sea arch

Question 27

narrow, sandy island that lies off the coast of the mainland

Accepted Answer

barrier island

Answer

bar

Answer

karst region

Answer

sea stack

Question 28

isolated column of rock that arches out into the water from the coast

Accepted Answer

sea arch

Answer

arête

Answer

crevasse

Answer

sea stack

Question 29

isolated column of rock that forms when a sea arch collapses

Accepted Answer

sea stack

Answer

horn

Answer

sea column

Answer

cirque

Question 30

thick ice sheet that slowly moves under its own weight

Accepted Answer

glacier

Answer

cirque

Answer

ice cap

Answer

crevasse

Question 31

ice sheet that covers a large area buit is smaller than a continental glacier

Accepted Answer

ice cap

Answer

fjord

Answer

valley glacier

Answer

cirque glacier

Question 32

deep crack or fissure in the surface of a glacier

Accepted Answer

crevasse

Answer

cirque

Answer

till

Answer

fjord

Question 33

huge bowl-shaped depression slowly scooped out by a valley glacier in the highland where it begins

Accepted Answer

cirque

Answer

crevasse

Answer

till

Answer

horn

Question 34

sharp ridge that divides two cirques

Accepted Answer

arête

Answer

fjord

Answer

cirque

Answer

horn

Question 35

sharp, steeple-shaped point formed when three or more cirques cut into a mountain peak

Accepted Answer

horn

Answer

fjord

Answer

cirque

Answer

arête

Question 36

valley along the coastline that is filled with melted seawater from a glacier

Accepted Answer

fjord

Answer

arête

Answer

cirque

Answer

moraine

Question 37

huge quantities of broken rock that a glacier carries

Accepted Answer

till

Answer

load

Answer

runoff

Answer

outwash

Question 38

accumulation of till left by a retreating glacier

Accepted Answer

moraine

Answer

outwash

Answer

runoff

Answer

sea stack

Question 39

low hill formed when an old moraine is smoothed over by a glacier

Accepted Answer

drumlin

Answer

cirque

Answer

runoff

Answer

sea stack

Question 40

deposits of sand, gravel, and other sediments washed from beneath a melting glacier by meltwater

Accepted Answer

outwash

Answer

till

Answer

runoff

Answer

tributary

Question 41

any type of erosion caused by wind

Accepted Answer

eolian process

Answer

chemical weathering

Answer

drumlin

Answer

Karst

Question 42

windstorm in a dry region carrying only dust

Accepted Answer

dust storm

Answer

landslide

Answer

sandstorm

Answer

mudflow

Question 43

eroding action of windblown sand; sculpts interesting rock features

Accepted Answer

abrasion

Answer

terracing

Answer

tilling

Answer

outwashing

Question 44

method used to prevent erosion by modifying a smooth slope into a series of level, stair-like steps and erecting windbreaks out of trees, tall plants, or fences

Accepted Answer

terracing

Answer

breakwater

Answer

levees

Answer

strip-cropping

Question 45

method of planting alternate strips of erosion-prone crops with strips of erosion-preventing crops

Accepted Answer

strip-cropping

Answer

breakwaters

Answer

levees

Answer

terracing

Question 46

object designed to reduce force of waves

Accepted Answer

breakwater

Answer

meander

Answer

levee

Answer

fjord

Question 47

the natural ridges along a river's edge of deposited sediment; found where land is fairly level

Accepted Answer

levees

Answer

meanders

Answer

terraces

Answer

breakwaters

Question 48

the winding, looping curves of a river

Accepted Answer

meanders

Answer

drumlins

Answer

breakwaters

Answer

terraces

Question 49

a gently sloping shoreline covered by sand or pebbles--eroded materials

Accepted Answer

beach

Answer

meander

Answer

breakwater

Answer

drumlin

Question 50

the period of widespread glaciation

Accepted Answer

Ice Age

Answer

Eolian Age

Answer

Glacial Era

Answer

Karst Period

Question 51

the most important effect of wind erosion

Accepted Answer

deflation

Answer

levee

Answer

dust storm

Answer

abrasion

Question 52

four sand dune shapes

Accepted Answer

crescentic&#44; parabolic&#44; transverse&#44; star

Answer

crescentic, porphyric, alluvial, star

Answer

transverse, political, alluvial, stalactal

Answer

parabolic, star, octagonal, symmetrical

Question 53

breakdown of large rocks into fragments by physical forces; the chemical composition of the rock is not changed

Accepted Answer

physical weathering

Answer

oxidation

Answer

chemical weathering

Answer

eolian process

Question 54

breakdown of rock by chemical reactions; the chemical composition of the rock is changed

Accepted Answer

chemical weathering

Answer

physical weathering

Answer

eolian processes

Answer

Karst weathering

Question 55

region drained by a drainage system

Accepted Answer

drainage basin

Answer

alluvial fan

Answer

deflation

Answer

delta

Question 56

separates two drainage basins

Accepted Answer

drainage divide

Answer

alluvial fan

Answer

arête

Answer

cirque

Question 57

looks similar to a delta; forms as a short-lived desert stream deposits sediment at the base of a mountain

Accepted Answer

alluvial fans

Answer

sea arch

Answer

sandbar

Answer

stalactite

Question 58

large, icicle-like mass of calcium carbonate that forms on the ceiling of a cave

Accepted Answer

stalactite

Answer

column

Answer

stalagmite

Answer

gypsum flower

Question 59

cone-shaped mass of calcium carbonate that forms on the floor of a cave

Accepted Answer

stalagmite

Answer

column

Answer

stalactite

Answer

gypsum flower

Question 60

structure that forms when a stalactite and stalagmite grown until they join

Accepted Answer

column

Answer

gypsum flower

Answer

stalagmite

Answer

stalactite

Question 61

high ridge of rock and land that projects out into the sea along a deep-water shoreline

Accepted Answer

promontory

Answer

sea cliff

Answer

sea cave

Answer

sea stack

Question 62

vertical face of rock formed when a promontory erodes

Accepted Answer

sea cliff

Answer

promontory

Answer

sea cave

Answer

sea stack

Question 63

an indentation in soft rock along a coast

Accepted Answer

sea cave

Answer

sea stack

Answer

sea cliff

Answer

promontory

Question 64

vast sheets of glacial ice that cover large areas of relatively flat land

Accepted Answer

continental glacier

Answer

ice cap

Answer

valley glacier

Answer

cirque glacier

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