The average of a data set.

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.

The middle value in a list of numbers ordered from least to greatest.

A relationship between two variables where a change in one variable is associated with a change in the other but does not necessarily imply that one causes the other.

The value that appears most often in a given data set.

A graph of a data set that shows the distribution of values across five key points: the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum.

A type of bar graph used to display the frequency of data within specific intervals typically used for continuous quantitative data.

The difference between the third quartile and the first quartile in a data set, representing the spread of the middle 50 percent of the values.

A data point that differs significantly from other observations in a data set, often appearing as an extreme value far from the rest of the distribution.