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Q 1/155
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The movement challenged the authority of established churches.
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Effects of the Great Awakening
Q 2/155
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New denominations like Baptists and Methodists became popular.
155 questions
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The movement challenged the authority of established churches.
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a gov. where the citizens rule through their elected representatives.
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Farmers in western MA protested state taxes; showed Articles were too weak because there was no mechanism to call arms/ troops.
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Demanded representation for the frontier; failed and ended use of indentured servants.
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Widely read pamphlet said independence would allow America to trade more freely and allow America to create a better society.
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Settled by fur trappers and traders.
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Basis of Declaration of Independence (life liberty and property)
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A series of religious revivals aimed to restore the intensity and dedication of early Puritans throughout the colonies.
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Caused American/ French alliance against British.
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Ended French and Indian War, removes France from North America.
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Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
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Last attempt to reconcile with Great Britain, document meant as peace offering.
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1754; early discussions about colonies becoming independent.
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First tax designed to make colonists pay off war debt from French and Indian War.
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Stop buying to make a political/ social statement
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Asserted full right to "bind colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever."
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Set up throughout the colonies to communicate British threats to American liberties.
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1774 response to Boston rowdiness (Tea Party); shut down Boston Harbor, Quartering Act, Martial Law
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British commanders could house their soldiers in colonist's homes.
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Declaration of colonial rights to defend themselves against British force and declare right to run colonial affairs.
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Civilian soldiers who pledged to be ready to fight against the British on a minute's notice
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Ended Revolutionary War, US owns everything east of the Mississippi
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Recognized colonial militia as the Continental Army and George Washington its' leader.
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The people consent to choose and obey a government in exchange for natural rights.
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Relaxed enforcement of trading regulations on colonies that ended with French and Indian War
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Valued reason and scientific method
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Writer of the Declaration of Independence
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Life Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness
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Opposed independence and remained loyal to the British king
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Supporters of independence.
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First major battle of the Revolutionary War; deadliest battle of war.
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Preached that it was not enough for people to simply come to church. In order to be saved, they must feel their sinfulness and feel God's love for them.
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Hired German mercenaries
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Harsh winter showed morale of troops and loyalty of soldiers to Washington in this camp.
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Money that was useless to pay American troops
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Commander of French troops in American Revolution
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British general at Yorktown; surrenders and effectively ends war
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Cause of the French and Indian War.
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a belief in the equality of all people; regardless wealth or family background
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First visible tax that was constant reminder to colonists they were paying off Britian's war debt.
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First representative body in colonial America.
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Allowed for Congress to have a procedure for dividing the land into 3-5 new states and future new states.
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Known for harsh drilling to train troops and improving camp conditions.
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A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes
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1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
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amendment that officially BANNED SLAVERY in the US
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amendment that granted CITIZENSHIP to African-Americans
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amendment that gave VOTING rights to African-American MEN
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economic method that was used in the South after the war; did not allow African-Americans to move up in society
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laws that were passed to limit African-American freedoms in the South after the Civil War
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Northern Republicans who went to the South to make $$$ and rebuild
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white Southern Republicans who supported the North during the war
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created in 1865 by congress; provided support for the poor in the South, especially EDUCATION
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group of members of Congress who wanted the Federal government to PUNISH the South after the war
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assassin of Abraham Lincoln
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Lincoln's vice president, was impeached because Congress thought he was abusing his power
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the act of charging and trying someone with wrongdoing in public office; requires 2/3rds of Senate to pass and remove president
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Another name for the Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction
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process of reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War
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name for Congress' plan for Reconstruction; more harsh than President's
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President during the Panic of 1873, battled corruption in his cabinet
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an agreement between Republicans & Democrats that ENDED Reconstruction
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man who became president after the Compromise of 1877, Republican
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group of white Southerners who intimidated and used violence to prevent African Americans from achieving equality in the South after the Civil War
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required Southern states to approve new constitutions and set up a five districts led by Union generals to keep the peace
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one of the closest elections in US History; caused the end of Reconstruction
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Reconstruction plan that required 10% of the population to swear loyalty; granted amnesty to all Southerners except Confederate leaders; required new Constitution
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scandal during Grant's presidency when his cabinet members siphoned tax money from alcohol into their own bank accounts
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African Americans who leave the South to go west for a better life.
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Gave free land to farmers and settlers of the plain to increase population West.
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Leader of the Nez Perce who tried to escape reservations and US army for Canada.
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Leader of the Sioux at the Battle of Little Bighorn, resisted US army and reservations.
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Tribes living within clearly defined zones, and the U.S. promised to provide food, goods and money and to protect them from attack by other tribes and white settlers.
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Connected the East and West Coasts.
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Minority group that built western branch of the Transcontinental Railroad under much discrimination.
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
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Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth
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1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
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Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
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Founder and governor of the Georgia colony as a place to send debtors (poor) to work off debt
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A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
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English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
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An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies
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Early, bloody conflict between English colonists and Native Americans
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Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
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Started in America, was a religious movement that renewed people's interest in religion
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a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes)
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reflected the colonists' belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament
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law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies
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A refusal to buy or use goods and services.
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The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans
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an act passed by the British parliment in 1756 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents
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a law passed by Congress in 1787 that specified how western lands would be governed
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law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
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A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes
96
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A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.
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1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers
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Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.
99
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people who opposed the Constitution without a Bill of Rights
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An early political party headed by Thomas Jefferson; stood for less centralized government
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Republican documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional
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acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government
103
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Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)
104
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Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators.
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English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
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1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
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Established judicial review
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Asserted federal power over states (McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, Cohens v Virginia); judicial branch determined the meaning of Constitution (Marbury v. Madison)
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Late 1700s - early 1800s, a period of social and economic change that took place as machines and large scale factory production developed.
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The belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries
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Valuing regional interests over the interest of the nation as a whole
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based on industry
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invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
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the production of goods in large quantities
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developed by Eli Whitney
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based on agriculture
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invented by Eli Whitney
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127
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Speaker of the House, Created the American System.
128
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129
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purpose was to unify the regions of the nation, had 3 parts: 1) develop transportation/infrastructure, 2) establish a protective tariff, 3) strengthen the National Bank
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built in 1825
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1823
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1820 admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
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138
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Ending slavery
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Former slave who wrote about abolition in his newspaper, The North Star
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Supreme Court Case which ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee territory and supported the Cherokees.
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woman who pushed for changes in the treatment of the mentally ill and founded 32 mental hospitals
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A social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
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A series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s that led to social and moral reforms.
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A nineteenth-century movement that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.
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the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
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the making of cloth
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A tax on imported goods
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Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government
150
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Killed by Jackson as an elitist institution that did not help the common man
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In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. This situation became known as the Nullification Crisis.
152
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Revision of the Declaration of Independence to include women and men (equal). It was the grand basis of attaining civil, social, political, and religious rights for women.
153
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Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action
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the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma