
Anatomy 2 Lecture (Exam 1)
Quiz by Lida Most
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- Q1
Why are organisms Multicellular
- To carry out different functions in the Human Body
- So that cells can specialize and adapt (specialize by genetic material, organelles)
To Die!
To adapt
To help humans adjust to situations
45s - Q2
What is the Surface to Area Ratio?
- They are matched
Small Cell - More surface area per volume
Large Cell - Less surface area per volume
Strong vs weak
Big vs little
45s - Q3
How are cells becoming specialized in the regulation of the environment within homeostatic parameters?
Cells Help restore balance when homeostatic parameters are distorted, depending on the severity of the sensor and how it gets interpreted?
By allowing the cell to transfer genetic information from one cell to another
By telling cells how to act in certain situations
45s - Q4
Interstitial Fluids vs Extracellular Fluids?
Everything is within a cell
Intercellular Fluid - Inside the cell
Extracellular Fluid - outside the cell
Intracellular Fluid - Inside tissue cells and blood cells
Extracellular Fluid - Includes interstitial fluid and plasma
45s - Q5
How is ECF and ICF different?
Permeable to water but not most solutes including electrolytes and proteins
Separated by semi permeable membrane
ICF - inside the cell
ECF - outside the cell
(BOTH) have different variations of chemical ratios, ICF and Plasma = same
45s - Q6
What is the structure of DNA?
- Double helix
- Contains Genetic Information
- Found in Nucleus's of cells
- Dna is arranged in a DOUBLE helix
- The paired bases project toward the center of the double helix
- Stabilized by hydrogen bonds
45s - Q7
What are the Nitrogenous bases in DNA?
(A) Adenine --> (G) Guanine
(T) Thymine -->(C) Cytosine
(C) Cytosine --> (A) Adenine
(T) Thymine --> (G) Guanine
(A) Adenine --> (T) Thymine
(G) Guanine --> (C) Cytosine
45s - Q8
What are the Nitrogenous bases in RNA
(U) Uracil --> (C) Cytosine
(G) Guanine --> (A) Adenine
(G) Guanine --> (U) Uracil
(A) Adenine --> (C) Cytosine
(A) Adenine --> (U) Uracil
(G) Guanine --> (C) Cytosine
45s - Q9
Chromosome vs Chromatin?
Chromatin: composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes.
Chromosome: The DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins several times to form a chromosome
Chromosome: SINGLE molecule of DNA associated with several proteins containing thousands of hereditary units (genes) that control most aspects of cellular structure/function.
Chromatin: Complex of DNA, proteins, and some RNA such as Histone. Goes through Cell Division and BECOMES a chromosome. If the cell is not going through division, it appears as a diffuse granular mass.
Chromosome: always found in paired form
Chromatin: Chromatin is always found in the unpaired form
45s - Q10
Homologous Chromosomes vs Sister Chromatids?
Homologous Chromosomes: Two chromosomes, contain similar genes arranged in the same order (almost the same)
Sister Chromatids: Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are attached at their centromeres
Sister Chromatids: Contain Identical gene sequences throughout the chromatids EXCEPT for the chromosomal crossover
Homologous Chromosomes: May contain the same or different alleles of the same gene
Sister Chromatids: formed during DNA replication in the S phase of interphase
Homologous Chromosomes: Appear in the metaphase 1 OF meiosis 1
45s - Q11
Autosome vs Sex Chromosome?
Autosome: 24 pairs
Sex chromosome: 3 pairs
Autosome: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (22 pairs) determines hair, eye color, height, etc.
Sex Chromosome: 1 pair of sex chromosomes, determine the genetic sex of an individual
Autosome: 12 pairs
Sex Chromosomes: 12 pairs
45s - Q12
Diploid vs Haploid
Diploid: (n)
Haploid: (2n)
Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n)
Haploid: have half the number of chromosomes as diploid (n)
Diploid: has a paired chromosome one from each parent
Haploid: Single set of 23 chromosomes. Fertilization restored the diploid #
45s - Q13
Inherited vs Acquired
Acquired: Behaviors that learned or acquired through interaction with environment and life experiences
Inherited: Trait received by the offspring from parents (both physical or behavioral characteristics can be inherited
Acquired: a trait the character developed in an individual as a result of environmental influence
Inherited: from the parents to the offspring
45s - Q14
Gene vs Allele
Gene: A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait.
Allele: a specific form of a gene.
Allele: Alternative forms of a gene that code for the same trait, are located at the same location on a homologous chromosome
Gene: code for protein/polypeptide/trait
Gene: essentially is a part of the DNA structure and it decides the genetic traits of all individuals
Allele: different variations of the same gene and they determine a single characteristic
45s - Q15
Dominate vs Recessive
Dominate: Lower case Letter (a)
Recessive: Capital Letter (A)
Dominate: Capital Letter (A)
Recessive: Lower case letter (a)
45s