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Anatomy 2 Lecture (Exam 1)

Quiz by Lida Most

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38 questions
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  • Q1

    Why are organisms Multicellular

    - To carry out different functions in the Human Body

    - So that cells can specialize and adapt (specialize by genetic material, organelles)

    To Die!

    To adapt

    To help humans adjust to situations

    45s
  • Q2

    What is the Surface to Area Ratio?

    - They are matched

    Small Cell - More surface area per volume

    Large Cell - Less surface area per volume

    Strong vs weak

    Big vs little

    45s
  • Q3

    How are cells becoming specialized in the regulation of the environment within homeostatic parameters?

    Cells Help restore balance when homeostatic parameters are distorted, depending on the severity of the sensor and how it gets interpreted?

    By allowing the cell to transfer genetic information from one cell to another

    By telling cells how to act in certain situations

    45s
  • Q4

    Interstitial Fluids vs Extracellular Fluids?

    Everything is within a cell

    Intercellular Fluid - Inside the cell

    Extracellular Fluid - outside the cell

    Intracellular Fluid - Inside tissue cells and blood cells

    Extracellular Fluid - Includes interstitial fluid and plasma

    45s
  • Q5

    How is ECF and ICF different?

    Permeable to water but not most solutes including electrolytes and proteins

    Separated by semi permeable membrane

    ICF - inside the cell

    ECF - outside the cell

    (BOTH) have different variations of chemical ratios, ICF and Plasma = same

    45s
  • Q6

    What is the structure of DNA?

    - Double helix

    - Contains Genetic Information

    - Found in Nucleus's of cells

    - Dna is arranged in a DOUBLE helix

    - The paired bases project toward the center of the double helix 

    - Stabilized by hydrogen bonds

    45s
  • Q7

    What are the Nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    (A) Adenine --> (G) Guanine

    (T) Thymine -->(C) Cytosine

    (C) Cytosine --> (A) Adenine

    (T) Thymine --> (G) Guanine

    (A) Adenine --> (T) Thymine

    (G) Guanine --> (C) Cytosine

    45s
  • Q8

    What are the Nitrogenous bases in RNA

    (U) Uracil --> (C) Cytosine

    (G) Guanine --> (A) Adenine

    (G) Guanine --> (U) Uracil

    (A) Adenine --> (C) Cytosine

    (A) Adenine --> (U) Uracil

    (G) Guanine --> (C) Cytosine

    45s
  • Q9

    Chromosome vs Chromatin?

    Chromatin: composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes.

    Chromosome:  The DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins several times to form a chromosome

    Chromosome: SINGLE molecule of DNA associated with several proteins containing thousands of hereditary units (genes) that control most aspects of cellular structure/function. 

    Chromatin: Complex of DNA, proteins, and some RNA such as Histone. Goes through Cell Division and BECOMES a chromosome. If the cell is not going through division, it appears as a diffuse granular mass. 

    Chromosome: always found in paired form

    Chromatin: Chromatin is always found in the unpaired form

    45s
  • Q10

    Homologous Chromosomes vs Sister Chromatids?

    Homologous Chromosomes: Two chromosomes, contain similar genes arranged in the same order (almost the same)

    Sister Chromatids: Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, which are attached at their centromeres

    Sister Chromatids: Contain Identical gene sequences throughout the chromatids EXCEPT for the chromosomal crossover

    Homologous Chromosomes: May contain the same or different alleles of the same gene 

    Sister Chromatids: formed during DNA replication in the S phase of interphase

    Homologous Chromosomes: Appear in the metaphase 1 OF meiosis 1

    45s
  • Q11

    Autosome vs Sex Chromosome?

    Autosome: 24 pairs

    Sex chromosome: 3 pairs

    Autosome: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome (22 pairs) determines hair, eye color, height, etc.

    Sex Chromosome: 1 pair of sex chromosomes, determine the genetic sex of an individual

    Autosome: 12 pairs

    Sex Chromosomes: 12 pairs

    45s
  • Q12

    Diploid vs Haploid

    Diploid: (n)

    Haploid: (2n)

    Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n)

    Haploid: have half the number of chromosomes as diploid (n)

    Diploid: has a paired chromosome one from each parent

    Haploid: Single set of 23 chromosomes. Fertilization restored the diploid #

    45s
  • Q13

    Inherited vs Acquired

    Acquired: Behaviors that learned or acquired through interaction with environment and life experiences

    Inherited: Trait received by the offspring from parents (both physical or behavioral characteristics can be inherited

    Acquired: a trait the character developed in an individual as a result of environmental influence

    Inherited: from the parents to the offspring

    45s
  • Q14

    Gene vs Allele

    Gene: A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait.

    Allele: a specific form of a gene.

    Allele: Alternative forms of a gene that code for the same trait, are located at the same location on a homologous chromosome

    Gene: code for protein/polypeptide/trait

    Gene: essentially is a part of the DNA structure and it decides the genetic traits of all individuals

    Allele: different variations of the same gene and they determine a single characteristic

    45s
  • Q15

    Dominate vs Recessive

    Dominate: Lower case Letter (a)

    Recessive: Capital Letter (A)

    Dominate: Capital Letter (A)

    Recessive: Lower case letter (a)

    45s

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