A bank customer receives an e-mail from a sender claiming to be a bank employee. The e-mail asks the customer to provide personal information and to call a phone number if he or she has any questions. The customer suspects the e-mail might be a phishing attempt.

Which of the following responses is most likely to be a privacy risk for the bank customer?

Which of the following would be the best use of citizen science?

A student is writing a program to model different real-world events using simulations. Which of the following simulations will generate a result that would best be stored using a Boolean variable?

Which of the following best describes the role of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ?

A smartphone stores the following data for each photo that is taken using the phone.

The file name of the photo

The date and time the photo was taken

The geographic location where the photo was taken

Assume that all of the photos that have been taken on the phone are accessible.

Which of the following can be determined using the photo data described?

  I. The number of photos that were taken at a particular geographic location   

 II. The number of photos that were taken in the last year   

III. The name of the person who took the most recent photo

Which of the following best describes one of the benefits of using an iterative and incremental process of program development?

Which of the following is a true statement about Internet communication?

A user reads reviews of a popular artist’s new album and then downloads the album from the Web site of a licensed online music seller. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a consequence of this action?

Which of the following actions could be used to help reduce the digital divide?

I.  Providing free education and training on how to use computing devices

II. Providing free or low-cost computing devices to low-income individuals

III. Providing networks and infrastructure to people in remote areas

A population researcher is interested in predicting the number of births that will occur in a particular community. She created a computer model that uses data from the past ten years, including number of residents and the number of babies born. The model predicted that there would be 200 births last year, but the actual number of births last year was only 120.

Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to provide a more accurate prediction?

A library of e-books contains metadata for each book. The metadata are intended to help a search feature find books that users are interested in. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be contained in the metadata of each e-book?

The figures represent different ways of configuring a network of physically linked computers labeled P, Q, R, and S. A line between two computers indicates that the computers can communicate directly with each other.

In which configuration is it NOT possible to have redundant routing between computers P and S?

A text-editing application uses binary sequences to represent each of 200 different characters. What is the minimum number of bits needed to assign a unique bit sequence to each of the possible characters?

A musician is creating a song using audio samples. Which of the following actions will minimize the risk of a copyright violation when creating sample-based music?

Which of the following explains a benefit of using open standards and protocols for Internet communication?

Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) represents each IP address as a 32-bit binary number. Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) represents each IP address as a 128-bit binary number.

Which of the following best describes the result of using 128-bit addresses instead of 32-bit addresses?

A student wants to create an algorithm that can determine, given any program and program input, whether or not the program will go into an infinite loop for that input.

The problem the student is attempting to solve is considered an undecidable problem.

Which of the following is true?

In public key cryptography, the sender uses the recipient’s public key to encrypt a message. Which of the following is needed to decrypt the message?

Which of the following is an example of symmetric encryption?

Which of the following best describes the purpose of machine learning programs?

Which of the following are true statements about how the Internet enables crowdsourcing?

I. The Internet can provide crowdsourcing participants access to useful tools, information, and professional knowledge.

II. The speed and reach of the Internet can lower geographic barriers, allowing individuals from different locations to contribute to projects.

III. Using the Internet to distribute solutions across many users allows all computational problems to be solved in reasonable time, even for very large input sizes.

A media librarian at a movie studio is planning to save digital video files for archival purposes. The movie studio would like to be able to access full-quality videos if they are needed for future projects.

Which of the following actions is LEAST likely to support the studio’s goal?

Which of the following is an example of a phishing attack?

Which of the following best explains the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web?

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of multifactor authentication to protect an online banking system?

Which of the following best describes a direct benefit in using redundant routing on the Internet?

Which of the following best explains how an analog audio signal is typically represented by a computer?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of collaborating to develop a computing innovation?

The author of an e-book publishes the e-book using a no-rights-reserved Creative Commons license. Which of the following best explains the consequences of publishing the book with this type of license?

A local router is configured to limit the bandwidth of guest users connecting to the Internet. Which of the following best explains the result of this configuration as compared to a configuration in which the router does not limit the bandwidth?

Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to choose lossy compression over lossless compression?

Which of the following best describes a challenge involved in using a parallel computing solution?

A certain social media application is popular with people across the United States. The developers of the application are updating the algorithm used by the application to introduce a new feature that allows users of the application with similar interests to connect with one another.

Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to introduce bias into the application?

Which of the following best explains how data is transmitted on the Internet?

A binary number is to be transformed by appending three 0s to the end of the number. For example, 11101 is transformed to 11101000.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the transformed number and the original number?

Which of the following is a true statement about the use of public key encryption in transmitting messages?

Individuals sometimes attempt to remove personal information from the Internet. Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason the personal information is hard to remove?

A scientist wants to investigate several problems. In which of the following situations is using a simulation LEAST suitable for solving a problem?

A store uses binary numbers to assign a unique binary sequence to each item in its inventory. What is the minimum number of bits required for each binary sequence if the store has between 75 and 100 items in its inventory?

A state government is attempting to reduce the digital divide. Which of the following activities has the greatest potential to contribute to the digital divide rather than reducing it?

An online gaming company is introducing several new initiatives to encourage respectful communication between players of online games. Which of the following best describes a solution that uses crowdsourcing?

Which of the following best exemplifies the use of keylogging to gain unauthorized access to a computer system?

A program developed for a Web store represents customer account balances using a format that approximates real numbers. While testing the program, a software developer discovers that some values appear to be mathematically imprecise.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of the imprecision?

Which of the following is an example of an attack using a rogue access point?

Which of the following best explains the ability to solve problems algorithmically?

Which of the following best explains how symmetric encryption algorithms are typically used?

Which of the following research proposals is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project?

A sorted list of numbers contains 128 elements. Which of the following is closest to the maximum number of list elements that can be examined when performing a binary search for a value in the list?

A small team of wildlife researchers is working on a project that uses motion-activated field cameras to capture images of animals at study sites. The team is considering using a “citizen science” approach to analyze the images.

Which of the following best explains why such an approach is considered useful for this project?

An algorithm is intended to display the following output.

red red blue red red blue red red blue

Which of the following code segments can be used to display the intended output?

In a certain computer program, two positive integers are added together, resulting in an overflow error. Which of the following best explains why the error occurs?

Flight simulation software, which imitates the experience of flying, is often used to train airline pilots.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an advantage of using flight simulation software for this purpose?

An Internet user has a need to send private data to another user.

Which of the following provides the most security when transmitting private data?

A list of binary values (0 or 1) is used to represent a black-and-white image. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be stored as metadata associated with the image?

Which of the following best explains why it is not possible to use computers to solve every problem?

A person wants to transmit an audio file from a device to a second device. Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of lossless compression of the original file?

A student purchases a single-user license of a copyrighted application and wants other students to be able to use it at the same time. Under which of the following conditions is it considered acceptable for the student to share the application?

A group of planners are using a simulation to examine whether or not a park that they are designing is going to affect foot traffic in the area. The simulation uses a model that includes input variables for the park such as the number of entrances, sidewalks, and bike trails and the square footage of open space (grassy areas). The simulation can then be run multiple times using different values for the input variables to represent different park designs.

However, the simulation takes a very long time to run. The planners update the model by removing some variables they consider less important than others.

Of the following, which is the most likely effect the updated model will have on the simulation?

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) has been introduced to replace the previous version (IPv4). Which of the following best describes a benefit of IPv6 over IPv4?

Which of the following best explains how a certificate authority is used in protecting data?

A programmer wants to determine whether a score is within 10 points of a given target. For example, if the target is 50, then the scores 40, 44, 50, 58, and 60 are all within 10 points of the target, while 38 and 61 are not.

Which of the following Boolean expressions will evaluate to true if and only if score is within 10 points of target ?

Consider a game in which a player flips a fair coin three times. If all three coin flips have the same result (either all heads or all tails) the player wins. Otherwise, the player loses.

Which of the following code segments best simulates the behavior of the game?

Which of the following best explains how IP addresses are assigned?

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies a phishing attack?

An office uses an application to assign work to its staff members. The application uses a binary sequence to represent each of 100 staff members.

What is the minimum number of bits needed to assign a unique bit sequence to each staff member?

Which of the following best describes the impact of Creative Commons?

A system is being developed to help pet owners locate lost pets. Which of the following best describes a system that uses crowdsourcing?

The transmission control protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP) are used in Internet communication. Which of the following best describes the purpose of these protocols?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using open-source software?

Which of the following are ways in which a programmer can use abstraction to manage the complexity of a program?

A free online encyclopedia contains articles that can be written and edited by any user. Which of the following are advantages the online encyclopedia has over a traditional paper-based encyclopedia?

Which of the following statements describe how cloud computing has affected Internet communication?

Assume that the Boolean variable hot is assigned the value true and the Boolean variable humid is assigned the value false. Which of the following will display the value true ?

A group of students take hundreds of digital photos for a science project about weather patterns. Each photo file contains data representing the level of red, green, and blue for each pixel in the photo. The file also contains metadata that describes the date, time, and geographic location where the photo was taken.

For which of the following goals would analyzing the metadata be more appropriate than analyzing the data?

Which of the following actions are likely to be helpful in reducing the digital divide?

Assume that the Boolean variable x is assigned the value true and the Boolean variable y is assigned the value false. Which of the following will display the value true ?