The capital of the Aztec empire in what is now New Mexico

Near present day St. Louis. 10,000 - 30,000 inhabitants in 1200.

the Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Onondaga Indians who formed a great League of Peace

Freedom meant abandoning the life of sin to embrace the teachings of Christ; no connection to later ideas of religious toleration

Long distance ship

the "reconquest" of Spain

Transatlantic flow of goods and people

Person of mixed origin, made up in large part of urban population in Spanish America

Residents of Indian villages. Remains legally free and entitled to wages. They had to do a set amount of work, but they were not slaves.

The image of Spain as a uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer.

Victory for North American Indians in which they ran out the Spanish colonists in present day New Mexico.

Marriage and children between Indian women and French traders.

A group of London investors who sent ships to Chesapeake Bay and granted land to them.

..., Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.

Written in 1584 by Richard Hakluyt, this work lists twenty-three reasons why Queen Elizabeth I should support the establishment of colonies.

The process of consolidating small landholdings into smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts.

A surprise attack on Virginia's settlers. This massive Indian uprising which ended with the Indians being massacred and expelled from Virginia

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

The right of a married woman to one-third of her husband's property in the event that he died before she did.

The religion of a group of religious dissidents who came to the New World so they would have a location to establish a "purer" church than the one that existed in England

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"

A Puritan concept meaning ''a liberty to that only which is good.''

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

1630s- 70,000 refugees left England for New World

Publications written by colonists who had been captured by Indians.

A Captivity Narrative written by Mary Rowlandson. She stated that she was treated well by the Native Americans, but she really wanted to return to Christianity.

The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed.

The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.

All people of America should enjoy the rights of England

All Christians were granted the right to free exercise of religion