The fetus "breathes" and ______ the fluid in the amniotic sac.

_____ fluid protects the embryo from trauma and changes in temperature.

The umbilical cord contains two _____ arteries and one umbilical vein.

The umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical ____.

Blood returns to the fetus by way of the umbilical ___.

The fetal heart pumps blood into the placenta via the umbilical ____.

The placenta secretes ____ necessary to maintain pregnancy.

The ampulla, which is the middle portion of the _____ ______, is the usual site of fertilization.

The embryo attaches to the innermost layer of the ____ wall, called the endometrium.

High levels of progesterone and _____ inhibit the pituitary from forming FSH and LH, so no follicles develop.

A developing follicle secretes ____, which stimulates the thickening of the endometrium.

A sudden spike in ___ triggers ovulation.

Primary sex organs are called ____.

A cell's shape is determined by its ____.

The gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and contains organelles is called ___.

The nucleus is the cell's ____ center.

The cell's protein-producing structures are called ____.

The more receptors a cell has, the more sensitive it will be to a _____.

Vasopressin is another name for ______ hormone (ADH).

The cells of the ____ that secrete insulin are called beta cells.

A diminished number of insulin receptors results in a disorder called diabetes ____.

The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete the hormone ____.

The hormone that triggers development of male sexual characteristics is ____.

Where sperm mature and are ultimately stored.

Contained in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.

Network of vessels that leads away from the seminiferous tubules.

Structure that travels from the epididymis, through the spermatic cord, into the pelvic cavity, and over the ureter to the prostate.

Strand of connective tissue extending from the abdomen to each testicle.

Conduct immature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis.

Structure that secretes fluid containing fructose into ejaculatory duct.

Structures in which sperm are produced.

A pair of tubules that pass through the prostate and empty into the urethra.

A fold of mucous membrane that partially covers the entrance to the vagina.

The curved, upper portion of the uterus.

A narrow portion of the fallopian tube closest to the uterus.

Fingerlike projections at the distal end of the fallopian tube.

The inferior end of the uterus.

The muscular tube that serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm.

The middle portion of the fallopian tube.

Muscular chamber that houses a growing embryo.

A catalyst is a substance that enhances the rate of a chemical reaction.

A positively charged atomic particle is known as an electron.

A proton is a negatively-charged atomic particle.

Glucose is the primary source of energy used by most of the body's cells.

Being polar means having oppositely-charged ends.

Cartilage heals slowly because of its lack of blood supply.

Adipose tissue is a connective tissue that protects various organs of the body.

Embryonic stem cells cannot differentiate into specialized cells.

Smooth muscle helps control blood pressure by changing blood vessel diameter.

Odor molecules entering the nasal cavity bind to cilia projecting from the ends of olfactory receptor cells.

Fast pain fibers are abundant in the skin and mucous membranes, and produce a sharp, localized pain at the time of injury.

Slow pain fibers are congregated on deep body organs and produce a dull, aching pain.

The intensity of pain depends on the number of fibers stimulated.

The neurilemma is the outermost layer of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system.

Consists of stomach, small and large intestines, liver and pancreas.

Consists of skin, hair and nails.

Consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

Consists primarily of skeletal muscles.

Consists of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.

Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs.

Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina and breasts.

Consists of pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas and thyroid.

Consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymph, thymus and spleen.

Consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Where does spermatogenesis begin?

What are the testosterone-producing cells of the testes?

Where do sperm mature?

How long can mature sperm remain fertile before they are ejaculated?

At the onset of male puberty, which hormones promote the enlargement of the testes?

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

What is the purpose of the enzymes contained in the acrosome?

Which two qualities of semen aid fertilization?

What are the female's primary reproductive organs?

How many chromosomes does a zygote have?

Gestation typically lasts about:

Most of the organs are developed during which stage of pregnancy?

What is the name of the blackberry-like cluster of cells that enter the uterine cavity 3 to 4 days after ovulation?

Implantation typically occurs approximately when?

The central, shaft-like portion of a long bone is called the:

Which substance covers the surface of the epiphysis of a long bone?

Which type of bone cells helps form bone, specifically the bone's matrix?

What makes a bone unique from other connective tissues?

The adult human skeleton typically contains how many bones?

The two bones that join together to form the top and sides of the cranial cavity are the:

The two bones that meet to form the upper jaw are the:

The sinuses:

Which type of joints are the suture joints in the skull?

The most numerous and versatile of all the body's joints are:

What is the human microbiome?

Which of the following is the most common way that a person's microbiome becomes disrupted?

When do children begin to build their microbiome?

Which characteristic of bacteria permits them to develop antibiotic resistance?

Microorganisms known to cause disease are called:

What is the correct progression of blood through the heart and lungs?

Based on your understanding of how the heart works, which of the heart's chambers would you expect to have the thickest (strongest) walls?

Which blood vessel(s) carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium?

What is the endocardium?

Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve?

Which of the following aids in the movement of lymphatic fluid?

What is a primary function of lymph nodes?

Which part of the lymph node forms and releases lymphocytes when an infection is present?

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

What is the renal tubule?

What substance is filtered by the kidneys?

What is the most likely cause of protein in urine?

How much of the fluid filtered by both kidneys is reabsorbed by the body?

How does high blood pressure damage kidneys?

Which organ is considered to be an accessory organ to the digestive system?

Digestion begins in the:

What is the main component of saliva?

The bulk of the tooth consists of:

Most of the process of digestion and the absorption of nutrients takes place in the:

Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm.

Adducts the humerus and extends the upper arm backward, such as when climbing or swimming.

Raises and lowers the shoulders.

The longest muscle in the body; aids in flexion of the hip and knee.

Elevate the ribs during inspiration.

Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal cord to cause bending over at the waist.

The prime mover when extending the forearm.

One of the bulging muscles of the calf.

Flexes the head.

The prime mover when flexing the forearm.

Raises the eyebrows when glancing upward.

Flexes and adducts the upper arm, such as when climbing or hugging.

Flexes the thigh.

The most powerful muscle in the body.

Immature form of a red blood cell.

Charged with delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

Most abundant of the white blood cells.

Involved in allergic reactions.

Produces fragments that form platelets.

Responsible for long-term immunity.

Classification of white blood cell that includes lymphocytes and monocytes.

Secretes heparin, which prevents clotting.

Phagocytic cell that migrates into tissues.