All living things must maintain homeostasis.

To maintain homeostasis, organisms carry out nutrition, excretion, transport, respiration, growth, synthesis, regulation and synthesis.

All life processes make up an organism's metabolism.

Failure to maintain homeostasis causes disease and death.

Organisms that make their own food.

Organisms that eat other organisms.

Process carried out by plants, alga and blue-green bacteria that takes radiant energy of the sun and puts it in the bonds of sugar molecules.

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Small holes in plant leaves that let them exchange gases used in photosynthesis.

Type of respiration that requires oxygen and yields more ATP for a molecule of sugar.

Type of respiration that occurs without oxygen.

Substance produced during anaerobic respiration in humans that damages muscles.

Movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations, requiring no energy.

Movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration, requiring energy.

The diffusion of water into or out of the cell.

Coordination and control of other life functions.

A change in the environment that you respond to.

A nerve cell.

The electrical signal carried by the nerves.

A chemical signal secreted by different glands in the body.

Proteins on the surface of the cell membrane that receive signals from the nervous and endocrine system.

The most common elements are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (CHON).

Compounds that have Carbon AND Hydrogen.

Sugars and starches made from simple sugars that supply energy.

Molecules that store energy and include fats, oils and waxes.

Molecules made from amino acids that make hormones and many body and cell structures.

These are used to receive chemical messages (like hormones).

Substances made by the body to fight off pathogens.

Chemical messengers that regulate various functions in the body.

Catalysts that affect the rates of chemical reactions.

One type of enzyme fits one type of molecule; changing its shape prevents it from working.

Very high temperatures cause proteins and enzymes to lose their shape, making them ineffective.

Measures the strengths of acids and bases; a low pH (0-6.9) is acidic, a high pH (7.1-14) is basic, and 7 is neutral.

The basic unit of life; all living things (except viruses) are made of cells.

All living things are made of cells.

You must know the differences between plant and animal cells.

Components of a cell, including cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm, ribosome, vacuole, and mitochondria.

Made of lipids and proteins, it shows selective permeability, allowing only some molecules to pass through.

Process needed for large molecules (like starch or protein) to be moved across the cell membrane.

Mostly for protection; all cells have a cell membrane, including those with cell walls.

The only kingdom that completely lacks cell walls.

Organisms are classified mostly by evolutionary history.

Large groups of related organisms (fungi, bacteria, protists, animals, plants).

A group of organisms that can successfully reproduce amongst its members.

Made up of an organism's Genus and species.

Groups of cells specialized to do certain jobs.

Occurs because only some genes in the nucleus of a cell are 'turned on'.

Formed when tissues work together.

Formed when organs work together.

A one-way passage through the body that includes the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

Muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system.

Protects the body against pathogens.

include viruses, bacteria, and parasites.

are the main components of the immune system.

cause an immune response.

are proteins made by white blood cells to attack antigens.

is a universal donor.

is the universal acceptor.

is an injection of a dead or weakened pathogen.

are drugs used to stop infections by bacteria.

provides oxygen needed for chemical respiration.

is the muscle that allows breathing to occur.

are very important because it is here that the oxygen enters the blood and CO2 leaves.

Removes metabolic waste from your body.

filter waste from blood and reabsorb nutrients.

filters toxins and dead red blood cells from the blood.

regulates your body along with the endocrine system.

Know the three parts of the brain and what they do (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla).

controls reflexes and brings impulses from the nerves to the brain.

makes insulin and glucagon which control blood sugar.

Adrenal glands make adrenaline when the body is under stress.

Testosterone (male), estrogen and progesterone (female) are the sex hormones.

Hormone levels are controlled by negative feedback.

Be familiar with different diseases and disorders, what causes them, and how they may affect the body.