Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organims found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the:

Which of these describes a difference between viruses and cells?

The human body is composed of organ systems. Which list represents a system organized from least to most complex?

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. A company that wants to develop antiviral drugs would ask a research immunologist to study -

Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as a E.coli

Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. During which cellular process does telophase occur?

What disorder results when human body cells lose the ability to respond to internal regulatory signals that control cell growth?

As cancerous cells multiply uncontrollably, abnormal tissue masses form. These masses of tissue are called -

Which of the following may result in cancer? I. Poor diet II. Chemicals in cigarettes III. Ultraviolet light IV. Tobacco use

Mutations in genes which regulate the cell cycle could lead to -

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

Carbohydrates are more easily metabolized than lipids. However, on a gram-for-gram basis lipids provide cells with more -

Which of the following biomolecules typically contains both nitrogen and phosphate?

Which of these substances stores the most energy?

A biomolecule that is a large, complex set of chains composed of alternating subunits called nucleotides has which of these functions in the cell?

The enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. These types of macromolecules are known as –

Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?

Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?

Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal connective tissue such as cartilage and keratin?

What is an example of active transport

What part of the cell membrane is nonpolar?

Diffusion and osmosis are both vital to cell function.  Diffusion and osmosis are similar in that they are both types of –

Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Which of the following is not a lipid?

Some students measured the pH of water containing elodea, a common water plant. The students wanted to learn how much carbon dioxide elodea removes from the water. The students knew that decreasing levels of carbon dioxide correspond to increasing pH. Which cellular structure in elodea carries out the process that is most likely to result in increasing pH?

Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?

Which of the following lists two requirements needed for the reactions of both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration?

Which statement accurately describes the role of key organelles in energy transfer?

Which of the following molecules are needed for photosynthesis?

Students place a plant in a dark, windowless closet for two days. Which of these will help the plant maintain homeostasis?

Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton in marine habitats. Like plants, diatoms contain chlorophyll and produce glucose from which of the following?

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

Which statement explains how producers are dependent upon consumers for their survival?

During the second stage of cellular respiration, pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis enters the mitochondria, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide and production of citric acid. What scientist won the 1953 Nobel Prize for this discovery?

What is another name for Dark Reactions?

Which of the following statements is true of photosynthesis

Which of the following is NOT an electron carrier?

Which of the following is true of cellular respiration:

DNA contains all of the following bases, except:

An example of a chromosomal mutation would be when —

Mutations within the DNA sequence of an organism can —

A mutation that results in a nucleotide being inserted into the DNA sequence most likely occurs during the process of —

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

Characteristics such as a widow’s peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?

In the process of translation, the ribosome is the site where —

Transcription creates an mRNA molecule using DNA as a template. Where does this occur?

Which type of ribonucleic acid carries the coding information to the site of protein synthesis?

Muscle cells of one animal differ from muscle cells of another animal due to differences in –

Marco and Andre are twins. Which of these characteristics are they MOST likely to share?

If several pea plants with the genotype T TYy are crossed with pea plants with the genotype Ttyy, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the T TYy allele combination?

In humans, the sex-linked trait of normal blood clotting is dominant to hemophilia. Give the phenotypes for the XHXh genotype.

Jennifer’s brown and white dog had four puppies.  Three of the puppies were solid brown and one was brown and white, like the mother.  Jennifer concluded that –

Two traits were observed for hamsters: color and tail length. For color, black (B) is dominant over tan (b). For tail length, short tails (S) are dominant over long tails (s). What is the genotype for a heterozygous black short-tailed hamster?

In fruit flies, long wings are dominant over short wings. Which of the following must be true about the genetic material of a fruit fly with long wings?

Crossing-over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material —

Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?