Areas to focus on when determining a theme.

Key events, character analysis, plot and conflict, relationships, and symbolism.

Proof that's essential to an author creating a strong argument or claim. All texts, or reading passages, contain evidence.

In literature, this is a character, group of characters or thing that opposes or causes problems for the main character or protagonist.

This is the main character in a piece of literature, and the character who faces obstacles and problems. The protagonist is the leading character.

The main problem or conflict is resolved. Most issues are wrapped up, the loose ends are tied up, and the falling action leads to the resolution.

A struggle between two opposing forces. Common types are man vs. man, nature, society, and self.

This is a particular part in literature, where the tension or action is at its highest point. This can be a turning point, a point of action or a decisive moment for a character.

This is the introduction to a literary piece. The setting, background information, initial plot line and the protagonist are usually introduced during the exposition.

This is the point of the plot that disturbs the protagonist's life, and sets him to pursue his mission or resolution. This incident sets the plot in motion.

This is the solution of a very complicated issue. This is the ending to the plot.

This is where the tension begins to build, the conflicts arise, and the antagonist is introduced in a plot. The rising action contains twists and turns, character decisions, and events to lead to the climax.

The reason or motivation for writing a text

It clearly connects and adds to the question or claim to be answered

Third step for finding evidence

Noting how the evidence supports the claim

Fourth step for finding evidence

Analyzing the evidence. Break down the evidence to determine how it answers the question.

Sixth step for finding evidence

Cite the evidence from the passage

Parenthetical citations

Appear in or at the end of a sentence where you have either directly quoted someone else's words or paraphrased someone else's ideas in your own words.

Persuasion through writing, speech, and art. Writers craft logical, emotional, and ethical appeals based on the audience.

The appeal to ethics or credibility. The purpose is to make the author and their argument appear more credible.

Appeal to logic and reasoning. The purpose is to organize thinking and provide sound support.

Appeal to emotion. The purpose is to make an emotional connection with the audience.

The representation of traits, motives, and psychology of a character in a narrative, movie, poem.

Direct Characterization

The narrator, another character, or the character himself/herself directly describes the character.

Indirect Characterization

The character qualities are revealed by his or her actions, thoughts, appearance, and/or dialogue. These must be inferred (derived meaning from hints, clues and evidence).

Void of unique personalities, personal backgrounds, traits, or psychology that differentiates them from other characters.

Have unique personal backgrounds, behaviors, and psychologies. They seem like a real person.

When determining theme, focus on round characters. Especially how they change.

When how things seem to be are very different than they are.

When a writer uses one thing—usually a physical object or phenomenon—to represent something more abstract.

When an author hints at plot development that occurs later in the story.

A figure of speech that compares two different things by saying one thing is the other.

The speaker can get through anything they face, because they believe in themselves.

Which statement expresses a theme of the poem, “Still I Rise?”

The speaker has had many people try to shake their confidence.

What can the reader infer about the speaker from their conversation with audience in the poem, “Still I Rise?”

Someone who doesn’t want them to be successful.

The poem, “Still I Rise” suggest the speaker is addressing…

The speaker of the poem, “Still I Rise” can best be described as…

Bridges Review 9.22.22

Electrostatics The section of CBSE Class 12 Physics electrostatic potential and capacitance notes mainly deals with the in-depth analysis of electromagnetic phenomena when they are not performing any movements. Additionally, it is divided into ten further sub-topics to study the companion processes of reaching the state. These are - 1. Electric charge In this section of Physics ch 2 Class 12 notes, you get to learn about the basic features of electric charge and its expression in Physics. Along with its basics, the sections help to understand the full potential of charge. Different aspects of Charge included in Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes are - Definition Type: Positive and Negative Charge Unit and dimensional formula Point Charge Properties of Charge Comparison of Charge and Mass Methods of Charging Electroscope 2. Coulomb's Law Force is created when charges of opposite signs attract each other, and they repulse if the signs are the same. Coulomb's law tries to define this phenomenon through a mathematical formula, explicitly mentioned in Physics Class 12 notes Chapter 2. Moreover, there is key information about the variation of the constant k and its effect on a medium. Coulomb's law's vector form and the principle of superimposition are also explained in ch 2 Physics Class 12 notes. (Image will be uploaded soon) 3. Electric Field As stated in Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes, every positively or negatively charged particle has their respective electric fields. It feels a force at the time of interaction which might be attraction or repulsion. As it arises from electric charge, it is crucial to know about its different parts like - Electric field intensity Relation between electric force and electric field Super imposition of electric field Point charge Continuous charge distributions Properties of Electric Field Lines Motion of Charged Particles in an Electric field Learning more about the electric field from electric potential and capacitance notes Class 12 helps a student to get a grasp of upcoming chapters. 4. Electric Potential Energy When energy helps a charge to move from an electric field, it is known as the Electric Potential Energy. This section of electrostatic chapter Class 12 notes requires a student to study the Electron volt (eV), and the potential energy that an n number of charges can hold. 5. Electric Potential This section of Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes focuses on in-depth learning of Electric Potential or Voltage. Basically, it defines the potential movement of energy. 6. Relation between Electric Field and Potential Apart from knowing more about the relationship between the two values, Physics Class 12 Chapter 2 notes also discuss equipotential surfaces. 7. Electric Dipole Essentially, 'Dipoles' are two opposite points of charge represented with q and –q, with their distance between each other being 2a. Electric Dipoles are crucial in your study of Physics Class 12 Chapter 2 notes to learn more about electric fields and their potential. Additionally, Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes focus on the influence of electric dipoles on a uniform electric field mainly through Force and Torque, Work, and Potential Energy. In the last part of Electrostatics, further focus is on using the formulas to their fullest potential. It includes subsections of Electric Field, Electric Potential Energy, Electric Potential, and Electric Dipole. In the notes for electrostatic potential and capacitance, you will find proper solutions accompanied by clear and crisp diagrams for better understanding. 8. Gauss's Law Apart from just discussing the Gauss's Law, in Physics Class 12 ch 2 notes there is a thorough explanation of its properties and applications. The Gauss' Law states that net electric flux passing through a hypothetical closed surface is equal to the net electric charge present within the same closed surface. Being a broad part of the whole chapter, you may need to spend a little more time on it. Moving forward, it starts discussing the properties of conductors in relation to Gauss's Law. The Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 2 perfectly defines the journey to Gauss' Law from Coulomb's Law. Here is the Gauss's Law present in the Class 12 Physics ch 2 notes, (image will be uploaded soon) 9. Capacitors There is a dedicated section about Capacitors in the Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes elucidating its functions and importance as storage of potential electric energy. After explaining the structure of a capacitor, it points out the different types, parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical. The section of Chapter 2 notes of Physics Class 12 is further divided into subheads like: Properties of an ideal battery Grouping of capacitors Simple circuits (Series and Parallel) Dielectric Van de Graaff generator Combination of drops Charge distribution method Wheatstone Bridge-based circuit Extended Wheatstone Bridge Infinite network of capacitors Redistribution of charge between two capacitors Vedantu prepares the Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 notes with help from subject matter experts. In the PDF, you get a comprehensive idea of the topic along with potential answers to the most asked questions. 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A square having a side of 10 cm has a 500 µC charge at its centre. Determine the work done to move a charge of 10 µC between two points that are diagonally opposite each other on the square. At an equatorial point, what will be the electrostatic potential because of an electric dipole? Calculate the work done to move a test charge, q, through a length of 1 cm along the equatorial axis of an electric dipole? Polarisation A capacitor has its plates enclosed in a medium that can be filled by insulating substances. A net dipole moment is then induced by an electric field in the dielectric. This event causes the field in an opposite direction. Equipotential Surface An equipotential surface is a type of surface where the potential always has a constant value. If considered as a point charge, the concentric spheres that are centred at a particular area of this charge are basically equipotential surfaces. Advantages of Vedantu's Revision Notes: A Comprehensive Resource for Effective Learning There are several reasons why one may refer to Vedantu's revision notes for studying a subject like Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance. Here are some key points: Comprehensive Coverage: Vedantu's revision notes provide a comprehensive coverage of the entire topic, ensuring that all important concepts and subtopics are included. Concise and Organized: The notes are designed to be concise, focusing on the key points and core ideas. They are organized in a structured manner, making it easy for students to navigate and revise the content. Simplified Explanation: The revision notes offer simplified explanations of complex concepts, making them more accessible and easier to understand. This helps students grasp the material more effectively. 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