Question 1

Kant defined "enlightenment" as "leaving one's self-imposed _______"

Accepted Answer

immaturity

Question 2

Why was the Scientific Revolution an important cause of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Its emphasis on reason & natural laws were applied to humans

Answer

Geocentricism set the example for rejecting religion

Answer

The periodic table inspired classification of living things

Answer

Newton's laws of gravity were applied to humans

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a cause of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Influence of new foods from the Americas

Answer

DeFontenelle made science easy to understand

Answer

Skepticism about European culture due to travel reports

Answer

Skepticism about religion due to the Scientific Revolution

Question 4

The philosophes came from many different backgrounds and their main goal was to:

Accepted Answer

Change the world, not just discuss it.

Answer

Organize violent demonstrations against the government

Answer

Meet in salons to complain about religion

Answer

Support the French monarchy through the use of the scientific method.

Question 5

What did Locke argue about human nature?

Accepted Answer

Humans are born blank slates (tabula rasa) shaped by their environment not heredity

Answer

Religion corrupted government

Answer

Humans are shaped by heredity not their environment

Answer

The laws of science applied to people

Question 6

Montesquieu contributed all of the following ideas to the Enlightenment EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The Encyclopedia that spread Enlightenment ideas to literate people in Europe.

Answer

The separation of powers and checks and balances protect freedom

Answer

reason liberates humans from predjudice

Answer

There are 3 types of governments based on the size of the state: republics (citizen participation), monarchy (ruling class follows laws), despotism(fear)

Question 7

Why was Diderot important?

Accepted Answer

He spread knowledge with his encyclopedia

Answer

Argued societies changed through reform not revolution

Answer

He applied the scientific method to religion

Answer

He popularized deism

Question 8

Why did Voltaire object to religion?

Accepted Answer

He thought it bred fanaticism and irrational behavior

Answer

He thought God didn't exist

Answer

He thought it was too rational

Answer

He didn't like monotheism

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