A microscope in which visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses, which bend the light in such a way that the image of the specimen is magnified

the membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

A microscope that focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen or onto its surface

A cell in which the DNA is in an organelle called the nucleus, which is bounded by a double membrane

A cell in which the DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid, a region that is not bounded by a membrane

The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus

The boundary of every cell, which functions s a selective barrier that allows the passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell

The organelle that contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell

The membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm

structures that carry the genetic information

the complex of DNA and its associated proteins

a prominent structure within the nondividing nucleus; the place where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized from instructions in the DNA

Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein; the cellular components that carry out protein synthesis

The collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles

sacs made of plasma membrane, which help transport substances around the cell

Functions in the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of drugs and poisons, and storage of calcium ions; does not have ribosomes embedded in its membrane

A place in the cell into which many proteins are synthesized, which allows for the proper folding and chemical modifications of the protein; outer surface of the membrane is studded with ribosomes

A membranous organelle that acts as a warehouse for receiving, sorting, and shipping molecules; synthesizes many polysaccharides

A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest macromolecules

A cell engulfing smaller organisms or food particles for digestion

Large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

A vesicle that pumps excess water out of the cell, thereby maintaining a suitable concentration of ions and molecules inside the cell

Usually found in plant cells, a large vesicle which contains the cell's main repository of inorganic ions and water

The sites of cellular respiration in cells, the metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other fuels

The sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae

This theory states that an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed an oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cell, and they formed an interdependent relationship

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm that aid in organizing the structures and activities of the cell

A pair of structures located at right angles to one another; one pair of centrioles is found in each centrosome

An arrangement of microtubules that usually occur in large numbers on the cell surface, and can aid in the movement of the cell; shorter than flagella

An arrangement of microtubules that can aid in the movement of a cell; longer than cilia and usually fewer are found on a single cell than with cilia

An extracellular structure of plant cells that distinguishes them from animal cells; protects the cell and helps it maintain shape