the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT

Texas seceded from Mexico and declared independence in response to Mexican abolition of slavery. US adopts/annexes Texas because Southern states support Texas slavery. The North feared expansion of slavery and war with Mexico

11th President of the United States from Tennessee; committed to westward expansion; led the country during the Mexican War; U.S. annexed Texas and took over Oregon during his administration

fought over boundaries, and ended with the signing of Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

1848. Awarded as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo after the Mexican American War. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles.

purchase of land from Mexico in 1853 that established the present U.S.-Mexico boundary

Movement of individuals into a population

Invented the cotton gin

leading a major slave revolt

They were ex-slaves were either freed by their owners or escaped. The were considered free, but were still held under many restrictions and racial laws and found limited work. They developed their own communities, cultures, found work and were able to develop economically.

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

The movement to make slavery and the slave trade illegal. Begun by Quakers in England in the 1780s.

(1811-1896) American author and daughter of Lyman Beecher, she was an abolitionist and author of the famous antislavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral

Escaped slave and great black abolitionist who fought to end slavery through political action

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, and promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

The claim that states could choose to not follow a law if they felt it unconstitutional.

the right of states to limit the power of the federal government

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery & consisted of Whigs, N. Democrats, & Free-Soilers in defiance to the Slave Powers

series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas over the issue of slavery

Began when he and his men took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion.